煤矿井下风门电磁闭锁装置的研发与应用

Research and Application of Electromagnetic Interlocking Device for Air Doors in Underground Coal Mines

摘要: 本文针对传统机械闭锁装置在煤矿井下风门控制中的安全隐患与运维难题，提出并研发了一种基于电磁锁和LoRa无线通信的智能化风门电磁闭锁系统。该系统集成了电磁防爆磁力锁、干簧管磁性接近开关、声光报警器、STC12微控制器、PLC逻辑单元及LoRa无线模块，具备状态实时监测、自动闭锁、互锁联动和异常报警等功能。系统采用模块化设计，结合本安电源与防爆结构，实现高可靠性与易维护性。在南屯煤矿的实际应用表明，该装置显著减少风门双开事件，实现报警清零、维护成本降低、系统响应灵敏，具备良好的安全性、稳定性与推广前景。

Abstract: This paper aims at the safety hazards and operation and maintenance difficulties of traditional mechanical interlocking devices in the control of air doors in underground coal mines, and proposes and develops an intelligent electromagnetic interlocking system for air doors based on electromagnetic locks and LoRa wireless communication. This system integrates electromagnetic explosion-proof magnetic locks, reed switch magnetic proximity switches, sound and light alarms, STC12 microcontrollers, PLC logic units and LoRa wireless modules, and is equipped with functions such as real-time status monitoring, automatic locking, interlock linkage and abnormal alarm. The system adopts a modular design, combining intrinsically safe power supply and explosion-proof structure to achieve high reliability and easy maintenance. The practical application in Nantun Coal Mine shows that this device significantly reduces the event of double opening of air doors, achieves alarm zeroing, reduces maintenance costs, and has a sensitive system response. It has good safety, stability and promotion prospects.