高精度温室气体观测站选址分析研究——以贵州省三穗县为例

Analysis and Research on Site Selection of High-Precision Greenhouse Gas Observation Station—Taking Sansui County in Guizhou as an Example

摘要: 以三穗县高精度温室气体观测站(以下简称三穗站)选址为例，利用地面气象观测资料，从拟选站址的探测环境稳定性、气候代表性、区域代表性等方面开展分析，为温室气体观测站选址提供依据。结果表明：三穗站平均气温、平均气压、平均相对湿度、平均风速、最多风向等年际变化不明显，说明三穗站周边探测环境稳定，拟选站址具有较好的区域代表性；年降水量、日最大降水量、年日照时数年际变化明显，反映出三穗站具有典型的云贵高原山地气候特征，具有较好的气候代表性。三穗县站年平均风速整体不大，年最大风速常出现在春季；春、秋、冬季北东北风(NNE)出现频率最高，夏季东东南风(ESE)出现频率最高。三穗站盛行风向上无大型温室气体排放源，符合温室气体选址应避开局地污染源的要求。由此可见，通过科学合理的选址策略，可将观测站设置在气象条件稳定并具有代表性的地点，进而有效提升温室气体观测数据的准确度和可靠性，为气候变化及环境保护研究提供坚实的数据基础。

Abstract: Taking the site selection of high-precision greenhouse gas observation station in Sansui County (hereinafter referred to as Sansui station) as an example, using the surface meteorological observation data, this paper analyzes the detection environment stability, climate representativeness, regional representativeness and other aspects of the proposed site, so as to provide basis for the site selection of greenhouse gas observation station. The results show that the interannual variations of average temperature, average air pressure, average relative humidity, average wind speed and maximum wind direction at Sansui station are not obvious, indicating that the detection environment around Sansui station is stable, and the proposed station site has good regional representativeness; the interannual variation of annual precipitation, daily maximum precipitation and annual sunshine hours is obvious, which reflects that Sansui station has typical mountain climate characteristics of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and has good climate representativeness. The annual average wind speed at Sansui County station is not big as a whole, and the annual maximum wind speed often appears in spring; the frequency of NNE is the highest in spring, autumn and winter, and the frequency of ese is the highest in summer. There is no large-scale greenhouse gas emission source in the prevailing wind direction of Sansui station, which meets the requirements of avoiding local pollution sources in greenhouse gas site selection. It can be seen that through the scientific and reasonable site selection strategy, the observation stations can be set in the representative places with stable meteorological conditions, which can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of greenhouse gas observation data, and provide a solid data foundation for the research of climate change and environmental protection.