马克思国家社会思想再认识——基于现实人解放的分析

A Re-Understanding of Marx’s Thought on State and Society—An Analysis Based on the Liberation of Real People

摘要: 黑格尔在《法哲学原理》中把政治国家作为社会发展的最高阶段，扬弃了在市民社会中分裂的人的矛盾，具体的人的自由成为现实。然而，这种抽象的自由观只是其哲学体系绝对精神外化的体现，是少数人的自由。马克思正确认识到黑格尔的国家概念的抽象性和虚幻性，从而扬弃了国家，选择市民社会作为解决社会内部矛盾的出发点，把市民社会作为实现现实人解放的起点，通过社会本身的力量解决社会矛盾。马克思进一步分析了资本社会中人与劳动的异化现象，并将无产阶级看作是扬弃市民社会与政治国家矛盾的现实力量，通过社会革命的方式实现现实人的解放。

Abstract: In his “Principles of the Philosophy of Right”, Hegel regarded the political state as the highest stage of social development, discarding the contradictions of the divided people in civil society, and the freedom of specific individuals became a reality. However, this abstract view of freedom is merely the externalization of the absolute spirit of its philosophical system and represents the freedom of a minority. Marx correctly recognized the abstraction and illusory nature of Hegel’s concept of the state, thus discarding the state and choosing civil society as the starting point for resolving internal contradictions within society, taking civil society as the starting point for achieving the liberation of real people, and resolving social contradictions through the power of society itself. Marx further analyzed the alienation of human beings and labor in the capitalist society and regarded the proletariat as a real force that resolves the contradiction between civil society and the political state, achieving the liberation of real people through social revolution.