资源互补性视角下创新联合体价值共创的组态效应研究：基于fsQCA分析

Research on the Configuration Effects of Value Co-Creation in Innovation Consortia from the Perspective of Resource Complementarity: Based on fsQCA Analysis

摘要: 在全球创新竞争日益激烈的当下，科技创新已成为国家和地区提升竞争力的核心驱动力。创新联合体作为一种新型创新组织模式，汇聚了企业、高校、科研机构等多元主体，旨在通过整合各方资源，协同攻克关键核心技术难题，推动产业升级和经济高质量发展。资源互补性作为创新联合体组建与运行的关键基础，对于实现价值共创具有不可忽视的重要意义。然而，过往研究多从单一因素或线性关系视角探讨资源互补性与价值共创的联系，忽略了创新过程中多因素的复杂交互作用以及不同因素组合所产生的组态效应。在现实情境中，创新联合体的价值共创受到资源互补性、创新能力、合作机制、市场环境等多种因素的综合影响，这些因素并非孤立发挥作用，而是相互交织、协同演化，共同塑造创新联合体的价值创造能力。本文以创新联合体为研究对象，聚焦资源互补性与价值共创的复杂关系，运用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法，选取22个创新联合体案例，探究资源互补性、创新能力、合作机制、信任水平4个条件变量对价值共创绩效的组态效应。研究发现：(1) 单一条件变量并非高价值共创绩效的必要条件，存在3条高价值共创组态路径和2条低价值共创组态路径，体现因果复杂性与等效性；(2) 资源互补性与合作机制的协同是高价值共创的核心要素，二者形成“双核心”驱动模式；(3) 低信任水平与资源互补性缺失的组合是导致低价值共创的关键组态。研究结论为创新联合体优化资源配置、完善合作机制提供了理论依据与实践启示。

Abstract: In the current context of increasingly fierce global innovation competition, scientific and technological innovation has become the core driving force for countries and regions to enhance their competitiveness. As a new type of innovation organization model, the innovation consortium brings together multiple entities such as enterprises, universities, and research institutions. It aims to promote industrial upgrading and high-quality economic development by integrating resources from all parties and working together to solve key core technology problems. Resource complementarity, as a key foundation for the establishment and operation of innovation consortia, holds an indispensable and significant importance for achieving value co-creation. However, previous studies have mostly explored the connection between resource complementarity and value co-creation from the perspective of a single factor or linear relationship, ignoring the complex interaction of multiple factors in the innovation process and the configuration effects produced by the combination of different factors. In real-world scenarios, the value co-creation of innovation consortia is comprehensively influenced by multiple factors such as resource complementarity, innovation capabilities, cooperation mechanisms, and market environments. These factors do not act in isolation but are interwoven and evolve collaboratively, jointly shaping the value creation capabilities of innovation consortia. This paper takes innovation consortia as the research object, focusing on the complex relationship between resource complementarity and value co-creation. By using the Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative analysis (fsQCA) method, 22 cases of innovation consortia are selected to explore the configuration effects of four conditional variables, namely resource complementarity, innovation ability, cooperation mechanism, and trust level, on the performance of value co-creation. The research findings are as follows: (1) A single conditional variable is not a necessary condition for high-value co-creation performance. There are three high-value co-creation configuration paths and two low-value co-creation configuration paths, reflecting causal complexity and equivalence. (2) The complementarity of resources and the synergy of cooperation mechanisms are the core elements of high-value co-creation, and the two form a “dual-core” driving model. (3) The combination of low trust levels and the lack of resource complementarity is the key configuration leading to low value co-creation. The research conclusion provides theoretical basis and practical inspiration for the innovation consortium to optimize resource allocation and improve the cooperation mechanism.