铁死亡相关通路与癫痫致病机制的研究进展

Research Progress on Ferroptosis-Related Pathways and the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Epilepsy

摘要: 癫痫作为一种常见的神经系统疾病，尽管过去几十年在临床诊断及治疗方面取得了显著进展，但其潜在发病机制仍未完全阐明，特别是导致持续性神经元损伤和癫痫复发的分子机制。近年来，铁死亡这一新型程序性细胞死亡方式在癫痫的发生发展中逐渐受到关注。研究表明，铁死亡通路的异常激活在癫痫及癫痫所致的神经元损伤中扮演关键角色，而靶向铁死亡相关分子的干预策略已在动物模型中展现出显著疗效。深入理解铁死亡与癫痫的交互作用，有望为癫痫的预防和治疗提供新的理论依据与药物研发靶点。本文系统梳理了铁死亡通路的分子机制及其与癫痫致病过程的关联，分析不同药物及天然化合物在调控铁死亡通路改善癫痫症状中的最重要作用。

Abstract: Epilepsy, a common neurological disorder, has witnessed significant advancements in clinical diagnosis and treatment over the past few decades. However, its underlying pathogenic mechanisms, particularly the molecular mechanisms leading to persistent neuronal damage and epileptic recurrence, remain not fully elucidated. In recent years, ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, has attracted increasing attention in the occurrence and development of epilepsy. Studies have demonstrated that the abnormal activation of the ferroptosis pathway plays a crucial role in epilepsy and epilepsy-induced neuronal damage, while intervention strategies targeting ferroptosis-related molecules have shown remarkable efficacy in animal models. An in-depth understanding of the interaction between ferroptosis and epilepsy is expected to provide new theoretical bases and drug development targets for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy. This article systematically reviews the molecular mechanisms of the ferroptosis pathway and its association with the pathogenic process of epilepsy, and analyzes the most important roles of different drugs and natural compounds in regulating the ferroptosis pathway to improve epileptic symptoms.