论《德意志意识形态》自然与历史关系及意义

On the Relationship and Significance of Nature and History in The German Ideology

摘要: 自然与历史的关系在哲学史上是一个非常重要的问题。在马克思哲学产生以前，哲学研究总是将自然与历史看作是分离的两个领域，把自然看作是在历史之外、与历史毫无关系的存在，历史则是抽象精神的历史。在《德意志意识形态》中马克思与恩格斯深刻阐明自然与历史之间的辩证统一关系，实现了对以往片面的、抽象认识的超越，发现了实践在自然与历史统一过程中的重要意义，通过引入实践概念作为正确认识自然与历史的钥匙，运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义基本方法论，厘清自然与历史的关系问题对唯物史观的发展产生了革命性意义，充分凸现了“实践”的本体论意义，使人与自然的关系复归于最真实本质的关联，得到了历史的唯物主义解释，明确了唯物主义历史观立场。

Abstract: The relationship between nature and history constitutes a profoundly significant issue in the history of philosophy. Prior to the emergence of Marxist philosophy, philosophical inquiry invariably treated nature and history as two distinct realms, viewing nature as an existence separate from and entirely unrelated to history, while conceiving history as the history of abstract spirit. In The German Ideology, Marx and Engels profoundly elucidated the dialectical unity between nature and history, transcending previous one-sided and abstract understandings. They uncovered the vital significance of practice in the process of unifying nature and history. By introducing the concept of practice as the key to correctly grasping nature and history, and employing the fundamental methodological approaches of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, clarifying the relationship between nature and history held revolutionary significance for the discovery of the materialist conception of history. It fully highlighted the ontological significance of “practice”, restoring the relationship between humanity and nature to its most authentic and essential connection. This provided a historical materialist interpretation and clarified the standpoint of the materialist conception of history.