技术理性批判与人性解放：马尔库塞理论视角下的技术社会反思

Critique of Technological Rationality and Human Liberation: Reflections on Technological Society from the Perspective of Marcuse’s Theory

摘要: 本文以赫伯特·马尔库塞的批判理论为视角，探讨了技术理性在现代社会中的双重作用。文章认为，技术理性一方面极大地提升了生产效率，具有解放人类的潜力；另一方面，它已演变为一种隐性的社会统治工具，通过塑造一种追求效率和稳定的“合理性”外观，压抑了个体的批判意识和感性需求，导致了社会关系的异化和“单向度的人”的产生。文章阐述了技术理性如何将科学精神工具化为意识形态武器，从而维护现有统治秩序。最后，文章提出了马尔库塞式的解决方案，即通过融合科学、艺术、技术与价值，推动工作向消遣转化，并将性欲升华为爱欲，构建一个非压抑性的生存模式，最终实现人性解放与社会变革。

Abstract: This paper examines the dual role of technological rationality in modern society through the lens of Herbert Marcuse’s critical theory. It argues that while technological rationality has significantly boosted productivity and holds the potential to liberate humanity, it has simultaneously evolved into a covert instrument of social domination. By fostering a “rationality” that prioritizes efficiency and stability, it suppresses critical consciousness and sensual needs, leading to the alienation of social relations and the emergence of the “one-dimensional man”. The article elucidates how technological rationality instrumentalizes the scientific spirit into an ideological weapon, thereby reinforcing the existing ruling order. Finally, the article proposes a Marcusean solution: by integrating science, art, technology, and values, it advocates transforming work into leisure and sublimating sexual desire into erotic love. This aims to construct a non-repressive mode of existence, ultimately achieving human liberation and social transformation.