电子商务平台适用消费民事公益诉讼问题研究

Research on the Application of Consumer Public Interest Litigation to E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 随着数字经济的深度发展，电子商务平台已成为消费市场的核心载体，但平台主导下的消费侵权呈现出规模化、隐蔽化、技术化等新特征，传统私益诉讼机制难以实现权利救济与公共利益保护的双重目标。消费民事公益诉讼作为维护群体利益的特殊司法制度，在规制电商平台违法行为中具有不可替代的价值。本文以电商平台的法律地位为逻辑起点，系统分析消费民事公益诉讼适用于平台的实践现状与制度困境，重点围绕诉讼主体资格、责任认定标准、证明规则重构、责任承担方式等核心问题展开研究，结合司法实践案例与比较法经验，提出明确平台责任边界、优化诉讼程序设计、完善配套保障机制的具体路径，为构建适配平台经济特点的消费公益司法保护体系提供理论支撑。

Abstract: With the in-depth development of the digital economy, e-commerce platforms have become the central infrastructure of the consumer market. Yet, platform-led infringements exhibit new characteristics—large-scale, concealed, and technology-enhanced—that render traditional private litigation inadequate for achieving both individual relief and public-interest protection. Consumer public-interest litigation, a special judicial mechanism designed to safeguard collective interests, is thus irreplaceable in disciplining unlawful platform conduct. Taking the legal status of e-commerce platforms as its analytical starting point, this article systematically examines the current practice and institutional dilemmas in applying consumer public-interest litigation to platforms. It focuses on four core issues—standing of plaintiffs, criteria for attributing liability, reconstruction of evidentiary rules, and modalities of remedial relief. By integrating Chinese case law with comparative experience, the study proposes concrete pathways for clarifying the boundary of platform liability, optimizing procedural design, and refining supporting safeguards, thereby offering theoretical support for constructing a consumer public-interest judicial regime tailored to the features of platform economy.