智能工程机械运用技术专业就业形势分析与发展路径探究——以陕西铁路工程职业技术学院为例

Analysis of the Employment Situation and Development Path of the Intelligent Construction Machinery Application Technology Major—A Case Study of Shaanxi Railway Institute

摘要: 陕西铁路工程职业技术学院(陕铁院)智能工程机械运用技术专业是培养面向铁路、公路、城市轨道交通等基础设施建设领域，掌握现代工程机械运用、维护、管理及智能化技术的高素质技术技能人才的核心专业。其毕业生传统上主要就业于中国中铁、中国铁建等工程局从事设备管理工作，各铁路局从事大型养路机械操作与维护工作，以及装备制造企业从事装配调试工作。然而，近两年来，受宏观经济调整、行业转型升级、疫情后续影响等多重因素叠加，该专业学生的就业环境发生了深刻而复杂的变化，面临着工程项目缩减、行业智能化替代、传统就业渠道收窄等严峻挑战。经过与毕业生和相关企业深度交流，深入分析了该专业学生当前所面临的具体就业形势，剖析其背后的深层次原因，并从学校、学生、企业三个维度，提出一套系统性的、具有前瞻性和可操作性的应对策略，以期为实现该专业毕业生更充分、更高质量的就业提供理论参考和实践路径。

Abstract: The Intelligent Construction Machinery Application Technology Major at Shaanxi Railway Institute is a core major aimed at cultivating high-quality technical and skilled talents for infrastructure construction fields such as railways, highways, and urban rail transit. Students are trained to master the operation, maintenance, management, and intelligent technology of modern construction machinery. Traditionally, its graduates mainly find employment in China Railway Engineering Group for equipment management work, in China Railway Bureaus for operating and maintaining large railway maintenance machinery, and in mechanical equipment manufacturing enterprises for assembly and commissioning tasks. However, in recent years, due to the combined effects of macroeconomic adjustments, industry transformation and upgrading, and the ongoing impacts of the pandemic, the employment environment for students in this program has undergone profound and complex changes, facing severe challenges such as reduced engineering projects, industry automation replacement, and narrowing traditional employment channels. Through in-depth communication with graduates and relevant enterprises, this study thoroughly analyzes the current employment situation faced by students in this program, examines the underlying causes, and proposes a set of systematic, forward-looking, and practical strategies from three perspectives: the school, students, and enterprises. The goal is to provide a theoretical reference and practical path for achieving fuller and higher-quality employment for graduates of this program.