行政诉讼起诉期限的性质与适用范围——从行政行为的不可争力切入

The Nature and Scope of Application of the Time Limit for Prosecution in Administrative Litigation—Starting from the Indisputable Force of Administrative Behavior

摘要: 起诉期限制度在行政诉讼中扮演着至关重要的角色，其直接决定了行政案件是否能够进入实质性的审查阶段，是保障行政相对人合法权益、稳定行政法律秩序以及维护法的安定性的重要制度。但是，目前立法未明确规定起诉期限的概念，并未针对不同类型的诉设定不同类型的起诉期限，理论上对起诉期限定位不清晰，对于行政诉讼起诉期限的性质和适用范围未达成统一的观点。本文以行政行为的不可争力为切入点，在分析现行规范的基础上，探讨行政诉讼起诉期限的性质和适用范围。

Abstract: The limitation of action system plays a crucial role in administrative litigation. It directly determines whether an administrative case can proceed to substantive review, serving as an important mechanism for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of private parties, stabilizing administrative legal order, and maintaining legal certainty. However, current legislation lacks a clear definition of the concept of limitation of action and does not establish differentiated limitation periods for different types of lawsuits. Theoretically, the positioning of the limitation period remains unclear, and there is no consensus on its nature and scope of application in administrative litigation. Taking the irrebuttable force of administrative acts as the starting point, this paper analyzes existing regulations and explores the nature and scope of application of the limitation of action in administrative litigation.