物流配送、路径优化技术研究综述及前沿概述——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

Research Review and Frontier Overview of Logistics Distribution and Path Optimization Technologies—A Visualization Analysis Based on CiteSpace

摘要: “物流配送路径优化”概念最早源于20世纪50年代Dantzig提出的车辆路径问题(VRP)，随着GIS、大数据、人工智能等信息技术的迭代，路径优化对物流降本增效的支撑作用已从“锦上添花”变为“举足轻重”。本文借助CiteSpace，对2005~2025年CNKI核心期刊库中检索到的“物流配送”“路径优化”“车辆路径问题”主题文献进行可视化分析，系统梳理研究版图、演化脉络与前沿动向。结果显示：第一，国内该领域作者与机构呈“整体分散、小簇聚集”状态，尚未形成稳定、跨学科的核心学术群体；第二，研究热度持续上升，但理论深度与工程落地仍存在缺口，未来在算法–场景耦合、实时数据驱动、低碳约束等方面仍有巨大的发展空间；第三，研究热点已从传统VRP模型逐步过渡到“即时配送”“新零售同城配”“无人机–卡车协同”“绿色低碳路径”“数字孪生动态调度”等多元融合新场景，呈现出“算法 + 数据 + 场景 + 可持续”四位一体的发展趋势。

Abstract: The concept of “logistics distribution path optimization” originated from the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) proposed by Dantzig in the 1950s. With the iterative advancement of information technologies, including GIS, big data, and artificial intelligence, the supporting role of path optimization in cutting logistics costs and boosting operational efficiency has evolved from a “marginal enhancement” to a “mission-critical component”. By employing CiteSpace, this paper conducts a visual analysis of the literature themed “logistics distribution”, “path optimization”, and “vehicle routing problem” retrieved from the core journal database of CNKI over the period 2005~2025, aiming to systematically sort out the research landscape, evolutionary trajectory, and frontier trends of this field. The results reveal three key findings. First, domestic authors and institutions in this domain exhibit a pattern of “overall decentralization coupled with small-scale clustering”, and a stable, interdisciplinary core academic community is yet to be established. Second, research interest in this field has been on a steady upward trend, but a notable gap persists between theoretical depth and practical engineering application. Enormous potential remains for future exploration in areas such as algorithm-scenario coupling, real-time data-driven optimization, and low-carbon constraint integration. Third, research hotspots have gradually shifted from traditional VRP models to diverse integrated scenarios, including “instant delivery”, “new retail same-city distribution”, “drone-truck coordination”, “green low-carbon path planning”, and “digital twin-based dynamic scheduling”, demonstrating a four-in-one development trend characterized by “algorithm + data + scenario + sustainability”.