环境污染第三方治理委托合同的法律困境及法律完善路径

The Legal Dilemma and Legal Improvement Path of the Third-Party Governance Entrustment Contract for Environmental Pollution

摘要: 本文以环境污染第三方治理委托合同为研究对象，立足其民事契约意思自治以生态环境安全为底线与环境公共利益约束的双重属性，系统分析实践中存在的核心条款约定不清、风险分配失衡、三方协同监管不足三大核心困境。结合典型案例与现行法律规范，剖析困境成因源于环境治理复杂性、法律指引缺失、主体地位差异及信息不对称等。基于《民法典》《环境保护法》相关规则，从规范合同核心条款、构建公平风险分担机制、健全三方协同监管体系三个维度，提出针对性法律完善路径，为化解合同纠纷、强化环境治理效能、实现私权自治与公益保护的动态平衡提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: This article takes the third-party environmental pollution governance entrustment contract as the research object, based on its dual attributes of civil contract autonomy of will and the bottom line of ecological environment security and the constraints of environmental public interests. It systematically analyzes the three core predicaments existing in practice: unclear core terms, unbalanced risk allocation, and insufficient tripartite collaborative supervision. By combining typical cases and current legal norms, it analyzes the causes of the predicaments, which stem from the complexity of environmental governance, the lack of legal guidance, differences in the status of the subjects, and information asymmetry. Based on the relevant rules of the Civil Code and the Environmental Protection Law, it proposes targeted legal improvement paths from three dimensions: standardizing core contract terms, establishing a fair risk-sharing mechanism, and improving the tripartite collaborative supervision system. This provides theoretical support and practical references for resolving contract disputes, enhancing the effectiveness of environmental governance, and achieving a dynamic balance between private rights autonomy and public interest protection.