专利拒绝许可行为的反垄断法规制

Antitrust Regulation of Patent Refusal to License

摘要: 专利拒绝许可是专利权行使的表现形式之一，可以有效帮助权利人保障创新回报、维护经营自主，但是当涉及到关键设施专利或经营者具有市场支配地位时，该行为可能抑制竞争并损害消费者福利，此时反垄断法的及时介入就显得十分必要。为增强法律适用的系统性与可预期性，有必要推动专利法与反垄断法在规范体系层面的有效衔接，构建协调的法律实施体系，有助于在保护创新的同时维护市场竞争秩序，实现知识产权制度的根本目标。

Abstract: Patent refusal to license is one of the manifestations of patent right exercise, which can effectively assist right holders in safeguarding returns on innovation and maintaining operational autonomy. However, when it involves patents on key facilities or where the operator holds a market dominance, such conduct may inhibit competition and harm consumer welfare. In such cases, timely intervention by antitrust law becomes necessary. To enhance the systematic nature and predictability of legal application, it is essential to promote effective coordination between patent law and antitrust law at the level of normative systems, thereby constructing a harmonious legal enforcement framework. This will help protect innovation while maintaining market competition order, achieving the fundamental objectives of the intellectual property system.