AI换脸视频侵权行为的法律规制研究

Research on the Legal Regulation of Infringements in AI Face-Swapping Videos

摘要: 本文以人工智能时代的“AI换脸”(深度伪造)技术为研究对象，系统梳理了其发展历程、社会影响与潜在风险。文章指出，该技术虽在影视创作、文化传播等方面具有积极价值，但也引发了侵犯肖像权、隐私权、名誉权及著作权等问题，并可能扰乱社会秩序、破坏信息安全。通过对美国、欧盟等域外法律规制经验的比较分析，本文总结了我国现有法律在应对AI换脸侵权方面的不足，包括立法层次较低、专门法律缺失等。在此基础上，文章提出我国应加快专门立法进程，明确各主体责任，强化技术标识与平台监管，以平衡技术发展与权益保护，构建适应数字时代的法律规制体系。

Abstract: Focusing on AI face-swapping (deepfake) technology in the age of artificial intelligence, this paper systematically examines its development, social impact, and potential risks. It points out that while the technology holds positive value in areas such as film production and cultural dissemination, it also raises issues such as infringement of portrait rights, privacy rights, reputation rights, and copyrights, and may disrupt social order and undermine information security. Through a comparative analysis of legal regulatory experiences in regions such as the United States and the European Union, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of China’s existing legal framework in addressing AI face-swapping infringements, including insufficient legislative coverage and the lack of specialized laws. On this basis, the paper proposes that China should accelerate the process of enacting specialized legislation, clarify the responsibilities of various parties, strengthen technical labeling and platform supervision, so as to balance technological development with the protection of rights and interests, and construct a legal regulatory system suited to the digital age.