短视频评论中合作原则的“违例”研究——以抖音为例

A Study on “Violations” of the Cooperative Principle in Short-Video Comments—A Case Study of Douyin

摘要: 随着短视频平台的兴起，评论区逐渐成为用户表达观点、交流感情与构建群体认同的重要空间。与传统面对面交流不同，网络平台评论区的语言交际方式呈现出鲜明的网络语用特征，其中大量的语言行为表面上“违背”了Grice提出的合作原则中的四项准则：数量、质量、关系与方式。本文基于语用学视角，选取抖音热门视频的评论为语料，通过归类分析与语境解读，探讨合作原则“违例”现象在评论区中的具体表现与语用功能。研究发现，用户通过“违例”实现调侃、幽默、引发共鸣、制造社交参与感等多重语用目的，这种“表违实合”交际策略不仅仅增加了评论区的表现力，也反映了在数字时代下语言表达的创新性。

Abstract: With the rise of short-video platforms, the comment section has gradually become an important space for users to express their opinions, exchange feelings and build group identity. Unlike traditional face-to-face communication, linguistic interaction in the comment sections of online platforms exhibits distinct features of internet pragmatics, where a large number of language practices appear to “violate” the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle proposed by Grice, namely Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner. From the pragmatic perspective, this article selects the comments of popular videos on Douyin as the corpus. Through classification analysis and context interpretation, it explores the specific manifestations and pragmatic functions of the “violation” phenomenon of the Cooperative Principle in the comment section. Research has found that users achieve multiple pragmatic purposes, including teasing, humor, evoking resonance, and creating a sense of social participation through “breaking the rules”. This strategy of “apparent violation but pragmatic cooperation” not only enhances the expressiveness of comment sections but also reflects the innovation of language expression in the digital age.