灵活就业人员劳动权益保障的法律困境与制度完善

Legal Dilemmas and Institutional Improvement in Safeguarding the Labor Rights and Interests of Flexible Employment Workers

摘要: 平台经济催生的灵活就业形态，对以传统从属性劳动关系为核心的劳动法律体系形成冲击。我国现行《劳动法》《劳动合同法》等规范难以适配灵活就业人员的劳动关系认定、社会保险参保、劳动争议救济等核心需求，导致该群体劳动报酬权、休息休假权、社会保险权等基本权益保障不足。本文从法学视角出发，结合劳动关系认定的核心理论，剖析灵活就业人员劳动权益保障的法律规范缺陷与实践困境，借鉴域外相关立法经验，提出以分层分类认定劳动关系为核心、完善专项法律规范、优化救济机制的制度完善路径，为构建适配灵活就业发展的劳动法律体系提供理论参考。

Abstract: The flexible employment forms spawned by the platform economy have impacted the labor legal system centered on the traditional subordinate labor relations. China’s current norms such as the Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law are difficult to meet the core needs of flexible employees in terms of labor relations identification, social insurance participation, and labor dispute resolution, leaving the basic rights and interests of this group—such as the right to labor remuneration, the right to rest and vacation, and the right to social insurance—often in a state of inadequate protection. From a legal perspective, this paper combines the core theories of labor relations identification, analyzes the defects in legal norms and practical dilemmas in protecting the labor rights and interests of flexible employees, draws on relevant foreign legislative experience, and proposes a system improvement path focusing on hierarchical and classified identification of labor relations, improvement of special legal norms, and optimization of dispute resolution mechanisms. It aims to provide theoretical reference for constructing a labor legal system suitable for the development of flexible employment.