基本养老保险参保选择对灵活就业人员生活质量的影响研究

The Impact of Basic Pension Insurance Enrollment Choices on the Quality of Life of Flexible Workers

摘要: 数字经济快速发展，灵活就业人员规模持续扩大。然而灵活就业人员的基本养老保险参保率整体偏低，且存在参保选择错位现象，养老保障问题突出。本文基于CLDS2018年数据，探讨基本养老保险参保及其类型选择对灵活就业人员生活质量的影响。研究发现：参加基本养老保险显著提升了灵活就业人员的整体生活质量，其中参加城镇职工养老保险的提升效果明显优于城乡居民养老保险。进一步分析表明，参保不仅改善了生活满意度和经济感受，还有效缓解了心理焦虑，但对身体健康和社会参与的直接影响有限。建议优化参保机制、加强政策宣传和完善转移接续机制，提高其参加更高保障水平的职工养老保险制度的积极性，以实现养老保险制度的公平性与可持续性。

Abstract: With the rapid development of the digital economy, the scale of flexible employment continues to expand. However, the enrollment rate of basic pension insurance among flexible workers remains relatively low, and there is a notable misalignment in insurance choices, highlighting significant challenges in pension security. Based on data from the CLDS 2018, this study explores the impact of basic pension insurance enrollment and the type of insurance chosen on the quality of life of flexible workers. The findings indicate that participation in basic pension insurance significantly enhances the overall quality of life of flexible workers. Specifically, enrollment in urban employee pension insurance yields a more pronounced improvement compared to urban-rural resident pension insurance. Further analysis reveals that insurance participation not only enhances life satisfaction and economic well-being but also effectively alleviates psychological anxiety. However, its direct impact on physical health and social participation is limited. This study recommends optimizing enrollment mechanisms, strengthening policy advocacy, and improving portability and transfer mechanisms to encourage flexible workers to participate in higher-coverage employee pension insurance systems, thereby promoting equity and sustainability in the pension insurance framework.