儒家文化视角下的新时代生涯教育本土化思考

A Localized Approach to Career Education in the New Era from the Perspective of Confucian Culture

摘要: 儒家文化关注人的各种关系和发展，这是生涯教育本土化的重要基础。孔子提倡的“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺”，为生涯教育提供了道、德、仁、艺四个层次构成的生涯教育模型。其中，道居于最高层面，艺是实践层面，德与仁居中交汇，形成以德育仁，以仁辅德的关系结构，构成了生涯发展中的由内而外和由外而内同时并行的两个进程，推动个人以道为最高生涯目标，在内外交汇中经历“知命–安命–使命”这一递进过程，实现人生意义和境界提升。研究基于“道德仁艺”生涯教育模型，从目标层、认知层、价值层、实践层分别提出高校生涯教育的具体实践路径。

Abstract: Confucian culture focuses on various human relationships and development, which is an important foundation for the localization of career education. Confucius’s advocacy of “setting one’s heart on the Way, basing oneself on virtue, relying on benevolence, and finding enjoyment in the arts” provides a career education model composed of four levels: the Way, virtue, benevolence, and the arts. The Way occupies the highest level, the arts represent the practical level, and virtue and benevolence are intertwined in the middle, forming a relational structure of cultivating benevolence through virtue and supporting virtue with benevolence. This constitutes two parallel processes in career development, from the inside out and from the outside in, driving individuals to take the Way as their highest career goal and experience a progressive process of “knowing one’s destiny - accepting one’s destiny - fulfilling one’s mission” in the interplay of internal and external factors, thereby achieving meaning in life and elevating their spiritual realm. Based on the “Virtue, Benevolence, and Arts” career education model, this study proposes specific practical paths for college career education from the perspectives of goals, cognition, values, and practice.