基于区块链技术的大连水产品溯源体系构建与实践路径

Construction and Practice Path of Dalian Aquatic Products Traceability System Based on Blockchain Technology

摘要: 大连作为我国北方重要的海洋渔业基地，水产品产业的产业链规模宏大，其中大连海参等地理标志产品品牌价值达148.5亿元，带动全产业链超过15万人就业。但当前市场仍存在以次充好、原产地造假等乱象，传统溯源系统数据易篡改、信息不透明等问题制约产业高质量发展。本文结合大连水产品产业发展现状，基于区块链弱中心化、数据具有极高的防篡改特性、可追溯的技术特性，构建覆盖“育苗–养殖–加工–流通–消费”全链条的溯源体系框架，明确各环节数据上链标准与操作流程，提出政策引导、技术创新、主体协同的三维实践路径，为提升大连水产品品牌公信力、保障食品安全提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: As a pivotal marine fishery base in northern China, Dalian boasts an extensive aquatic product industry chain. Its geographical indication products, including Dalian sea cucumber, generate a brand value of 14.85 billion yuan and employ over 150,000 people across the entire supply chain. However, persistent market issues such as counterfeit products and origin fraud, coupled with vulnerabilities in traditional traceability systems (e.g., data tampering and lack of transparency), hinder the industry’s high-quality development. This study examines Dalian’s aquatic product industry landscape and proposes a blockchain-based traceability framework. Leveraging blockchain’s decentralized architecture, tamper-proof data integrity, and full-chain traceability capabilities, the framework establishes standardized data protocols and operational procedures for each stage (from seedling cultivation to consumption). It outlines a three-pronged approach—policy guidance, technological innovation, and stakeholder collaboration—to enhance brand credibility and ensure food safety, providing both theoretical and practical references for the industry.