球面波修正与PU声矢量探头联合检测技术研究

Research on Combined Detection Technology of Spherical Wave Correction and PU Acoustic Vector Probe

摘要: 在声学测量领域，传统声压传感器在近场或者复杂声场环境里开展声强测量之际，常因声压与质点振速相位失配致使较大误差，难以实现高精度声源定位和声功率评定的需求。针对此问题，本研究探寻把球面波修正模型与PU声矢量探头结合起来的联合检测技术，意在提高非自由场以及近场状况下的声强测量精准度。研究借理论分析球面波传播特性，构建了适用在PU探头的近场球面波修正函数，还设计了对应的联合测量与信号处理流程。实验结果表明，该联合技术可补偿波前曲率引发的相位差，典型近场条件下显著降低声强测量误差，相比于未修正的PU探头直接测量，它精度在不同频率与距离下都有稳定提高。这项工作意义是给声学检测提供了一个更靠谱的近场声强测量方法，对于噪声源精准识别、声功率标准化评估以及声学材料性能测试等实际工程应用有明确参考价值。

Abstract: In the field of acoustic measurement, when traditional pressure sensors perform sound intensity measurements in near-field or complex sound field environments, large errors often occur due to phase mismatch between sound pressure and particle velocity, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision sound source localization and sound power evaluation. To address this problem, this study explores a combined detection technology that integrates the spherical wave correction model with a PU acoustic vector probe, aiming to improve the accuracy of sound intensity measurement under non-free-field and near-field conditions. Based on theoretical analysis of spherical wave propagation characteristics, a near-field spherical wave correction function suitable for PU probes is constructed, and a corresponding combined measurement and signal processing scheme is designed. Experimental results show that the proposed combined technology can compensate for the phase difference caused by wavefront curvature and significantly reduce sound intensity measurement errors under typical near-field conditions. Compared with direct measurement using uncorrected PU probes, the accuracy is stably improved at various frequencies and distances. This work provides a more reliable near-field sound intensity measurement method for acoustic detection, and has clear reference value for practical engineering applications such as accurate identification of noise sources, standardized evaluation of sound power, and performance testing of acoustic materials.