高速列车动态气密性和客室压力舒适性研究

Research on Dynamic Air Tightness and Cabin Pressure Comfort of High-Speed Trains

摘要: 高速列车在隧道中行驶时，隧道压力波会通过车体缝隙和空调系统进、排风口传递到车内，造成车内压力变化，引起乘客耳部压力舒适性问题。客室内压力波动程度与多种原因有关，而车体气密缝隙是影响车内压力变化的主要因素。因此在高速列车设计中，对车体气密性有明确的静态试验指标要求。本文介绍了整车气密性试验的基本方案和理论公式，推导了由动态气密性计算车内压力的简化公式，并结合主动式压力保护方式下一维仿真数值计算方法得到了不同工况下的动态时间常数值，研究了隧道长度和列车速度对单列车通过隧道时动态气密性和客室压力舒适性的影响。该研究进一步为高速列车气密性设计和舒适分析提供了理论分析依据和数据支持。

Abstract: When the high-speed train is driving in the tunnel, the tunnel pressure wave will be transmitted to the car through the gaps in the car body and the air inlet and exhaust outlets of the air conditioning system, causing pressure changes in the car and causing problems in the comfort of passengers’ ears. The degree of pressure fluctuation in the cabin is related to a variety of reasons, and the airtight gap in the car body is the main factor affecting the pressure change in the car. Therefore, in the design of high-speed trains, there are clear static test index requirements for the air tightness of the car body. In this paper, the basic scheme and theoretical formula of the vehicle air tightness test are introduced, the simplified formula for calculating the internal pressure from the dynamic air tightness is derived, and the dynamic time constant value under different working conditions is obtained by combining the next-dimensional simulation numerical calculation method of active pressure protection, and the effects of tunnel length and train speed on the dynamic air tightness and cabin pressure comfort of a single train passing through the tunnel are studied. This study further provides theoretical analysis and data support for the air tightness design and comfort analysis of high-speed trains.