时速400公里铁路桥梁减振支座性能仿真分析与评估

Performance Simulation Analysis and Evaluation of Vibration-Isolation Bearings for 400 km/h Railway Bridges

摘要: 针对时速400公里高速铁路桥梁减振支座动力性能问题，基于铁路大系统动力学理论，建立高速列车-轨道–支座/桥梁动力相互作用模型，提出以墩顶垂向支反力减少率支座减振性能评价指标，评估时速400公里桥梁减振支座性能。结果显示，减振支座并非在振动全频段起减振作用，在40 Hz以下会放大振动，在40 Hz以上会降低振动，对于10 m、15 m和20 m的桥墩，在40~63 Hz频段，墩高10 m时减振支座减振效果最优，墩顶垂向支反力减少率最高可达29.3%，在80Hz及以上频段，墩高20 m时减振支座减振效果最优，墩顶垂向支反力减少率最高可达31.5%。研究结果可用于指导高速铁路减振支座动力学设计。

Abstract: Regarding the dynamic performance issues of vibration-reducing bearings for 400 km/h high-speed railway bridges, based on the dynamic theory of railway large-scale system, a dynamic interaction model of high-speed train-track-bearing/bridge is established. The vertical reaction force reduction rate at the pier top is proposed as the evaluation index for bearing vibration reduction performance to assess the performance of vibration-reducing bearings for 400 km/h bridges. The results show that vibration-reducing bearings do not function across the entire vibration frequency spectrum; they amplify vibrations below 40 Hz and reduce vibrations above 40 Hz. For piers with heights of 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m, in the 40-63 Hz frequency band, the 10 m pier exhibits the optimal vibration reduction effect, with the vertical reaction force reduction rate at the pier top reaching up to 29.3%. In the 80 Hz and above frequency band, the 20 m pier demonstrates the optimal vibration reduction effect, with the vertical reaction force reduction rate at the pier top reaching up to 31.5%. The research findings can guide the dynamic design of vibration-reducing bearings for high-speed railways.