新疆曲子戏中修辞格举隅——以比喻和夸张为例

A Study of Figure of Speech in Xinjiang Quzi Opera—Taking Metaphor and Hyperbole as Examples

摘要: 新疆曲子戏作为国家级非物质文化遗产，是新疆地区唯一用汉语演唱的地方曲种，其语言具有鲜明的口语化、地域化特征。衬词作为戏曲唱词中的特殊语言现象，在新疆曲子戏中运用广泛、形式多样，兼具音乐性与文学性的双重价值。本文以新疆曲子戏代表性剧目的剧本唱词为研究对象，运用文本分析、分类描写等方法，对衬词进行系统分类与描写。研究发现，新疆曲子戏衬词可分为语气衬词、唱腔助词、固定衬词三种类型，它们在增强音乐节奏、塑造人物形象、烘托情感氛围、体现地域特色等方面发挥着独特的艺术效果。同时，衬词作为方言研究的活材料、戏曲程式化的体现以及文化交融的见证，具有重要的语言学价值。本研究有助于深化对新疆曲子戏艺术特色的认识，为这一非物质文化遗产的保护与传承提供语言学视角的参考。

Abstract: As a nationally recognized intangible cultural heritage, Xinjiang Quzi Opera is the only local opera in the Xinjiang region performed in Mandarin, and its language features distinct colloquial and regional characteristics. Metaphor and exaggeration, as two core rhetorical devices, are widely used in Xinjiang Quzi Opera in various forms and serve important artistic functions. This paper uses representative scripts of Xinjiang Quzi Opera as the corpus and employs close reading and categorical description methods to conduct a systematic analysis of metaphor and exaggeration. The study finds that the metaphors in Xinjiang Quzi Opera include similes, implicit metaphors, and borrowed metaphors, with a wide range of sources for the tenor, performing multiple functions such as image shaping, emotional expression, argumentation, and humor. Exaggeration includes types such as numerical exaggeration, character exaggeration, emotional exaggeration, and spatiotemporal exaggeration, achieved through multiple levels including vocabulary, sentence structure, and discourse, producing rhetorical effects like comedic creation, emotional intensification, image enhancement, and tension amplification. While each rhetorical device focuses on different functions, they often work in tandem to serve the overall artistic expression of the opera. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the linguistic artistry of Xinjiang Quzi Opera and provides a linguistic perspective for the protection and inheritance of this intangible cultural heritage.