代谢综合征患者的肠道菌群特征分析： 一项病例对照研究

Gut Microbiota Characteristics in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Case and Control Study

摘要: 目的：分析代谢综合征患者与无代谢综合征参与者组的肠道菌群组成差异，探讨肠道菌群与代谢综合征相关临床指标的关联性，为早期诊断提供潜在微生物标志物。方法：采用1:1匹配(年龄 ± 2岁、性别一致)病例对照研究，纳入25例代谢综合征患者和25例对照者。采集粪便样本经16S rRNA高通量测序检测肠道菌群。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验分析α多样性。基于主坐标分析(PCoA)结合置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)评估β多样性。通过线性判别分析(LEfSE)筛查差异菌属。采用偏相关性分析菌群与代谢综合征相关临床指标的关联性。结果：两组肠道菌群α、β多样性无显著差异(P > 0.05)。代谢综合征组瘤胃球菌群、艰难杆菌属、孪生球菌属等潜在致病菌丰度显著升高(P < 0.05)。孪生菌属、双歧杆菌属、洪加泰拉菌属、爱格氏菌属、丹毒丝菌科UCG-003属与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇等代谢指标存在显著相关性(P < 0.05)。结论：代谢综合征患者肠内短链脂肪酸相关菌属丰度升高，识别的差异菌群可为阐明肠道菌群与代谢综合征的关联机制提供新视角。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the gut microbiota of patients with metabolic syndrome participants and without metabolic syndrome, and explore the association between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome-related clinical indicators, and provide potential microbial markers for the early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Methods: A case-control study was conducted using a 1:1 matching method for age (±2 years) and sex, enrolling 25 patients with metabolic syndrome and 25 participants without metabolic syndrome. Fecal samples were collected, and gut microbiota were detected via 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to analyze α-diversity of the gut microbiota between the two groups. β-diversity was assessed based on Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) combined with Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA). Linear Discriminant Analysis (LefSE) was employed to identify differential bacterial taxa. Partial correlation analysis was used to investigate the associations between differential microbiota and clinical factors related to metabolic syndrome. Results No significant differences were observed in the α- or β-diversity of gut microbiota between the metabolic syndrome group and the non-metabolic syndrome group (P > 0.05). Compared to the non-metabolic syndrome group, the metabolic syndrome group showed significantly increased abundances of potential pathobionts such as Ruminococcus_torques_group, Clostridium difficile, and Gemella (P < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between Gemella, Bifidobacterium, Hungatella, Eggerthella, Erysipelotrichaceae and clinical factors (e.g., high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The study found a compensatory increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in patients with metabolic syndrome. The identified differential microbiota may provide new insights into the mechanisms linking gut microbiota to metabolic syndrome.