青年缺血性脑卒中的病因分型及危险因素研究进展

Research Progress on the Etiological Classification and Risk Factors of Ischemic Stroke in Youth

摘要: 随着生活水平的提高以及生活方式的改变，青年卒中的发病率逐渐提高，由于青年卒中患者的年龄特殊性，卒中带来的不良影响较老年人更为严重。因此加强对青年卒中相关危险因素的认识及研究，对降低卒中发病率改善患者预后尤为重要。青年卒中的危险因素较为复杂，本文将危险因素分为三类，一不可控因包括：性别、遗传。可控因素包括：高同型半胱氨酸血症、高脂血症、高血压、高尿酸血症、吸烟、酗酒、长期服用避孕药；其他因素包括：心脏夹层、单独心房颤动、卵圆孔未闭、偏头痛、血液系统疾病等不常见危险因素。本文针对青年病人脑卒中的危险因素作一综述，以期为青年脑卒中的治疗、预防、宣教等相关研究提供参考。

Abstract: With the improvement of living standards and changes in lifestyles, the incidence of stroke among young people has gradually increased. Due to the age specificity of young stroke patients, the adverse effects of stroke are more serious than those of the elderly. Therefore, strengthening the understanding and research on the risk factors related to stroke in young people is particularly important for reducing the incidence of stroke and improving the prognosis of patients. The risk factors for stroke in young people are more complicated. This article divides the risk factors into three categories. One uncontrollable cause includes gender and heredity. Controllable factors include: hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, smoking, alcohol abuse, and long-term contraceptive use; other factors include: cardiac dissection, atrial fibrillation alone, foramen ovale uncommon risk factors such as patent, migraine, and blood system diseases. This article summarizes the risk factors of stroke in young patients, in order to provide reference for the treatment, prevention, education and other related research of stroke in young patients.