全球视野下喀斯特世界自然遗产地对比与可持续发展

Comparison and Sustainable Development of Karst World Natural Heritage Sites from the Global Perspective

摘要: 全球已有14项喀斯特被列入《世界遗产名录》，其中，中国南方喀斯特包括重庆、贵州、云南、广西四个省份。自2007年中国南方喀斯特申报遗产地成功后，由于知名度剧增，各遗产地成为近年来的旅游热地。各地政府将遗产地作为商品大力宣传以获取经济效益，但由于对遗产地的建设和管理依然不规范，存在诸多问题，引发了遗产地内喀斯特生态系统破坏、生物多样性降低等问题。因此，平衡旅游经济开发与生态环境可持续发展是目前急需解决的问题之一。本文简述了全球喀斯特的特征，根据喀斯特遗产地面临的威胁，提出喀斯特环境可持续发展的策略，并对平衡旅游经济开发与环境可持续发展提供建议，试图平衡过热的旅游发展导致遗产地的生态环境破坏的现状。

Abstract: Fourteen karst projects have been listed in the world heritage list. South China Karst is distributed in Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. Since the successful application of karst heritage sites in southern China in 2007, due to the rapid increase in popularity, each heritage site has become a hot tourist destination in recent years. Local governments vigorously publicize the heritage sites as commodities to obtain economic benefits. However, due to the nonstandard construction and management of heritage sites, there are many problems, which lead to the destruction of karst ecosystem and the reduction of biodiversity in the heritage sites. Therefore, balancing the development of tourism economy and sustainable development of ecological environment is one of the urgent problems to be solved. This paper briefly describes the characteristics of global karst, according to the threats faced by karst heritage sites, puts forward strategies for sustainable de-velopment of karst environment, provides suggestions for balancing tourism economic develop-ment and environmentally sustainable development, and tries to balance the ecological environ-ment destruction of heritage sites caused by overheated tourism development.