含油污泥微波热解技术应用现状及展望

Application Status and Prospect of Microwave Pyrolysis Technology of Oily Sludge

摘要: 含油污泥是石油的伴生品，给生态环境带来污染的同时也蕴含着丰富的油气资源。微波热解技术是一种处理含油污泥的高效方法，微波的热效应和非热效应可以促进油水乳状液的破乳，由于微波加热的选择性加热、穿透性、即时性等特点，微波技术被用于加热含油污泥进行热解，产生油、气、渣三相产物，减轻能源负担，降低环境污染。微波热解过程复杂，热解机理还不确定，采用Fluent对热解装置进行数值模拟和结合室内和现场试验，进一步优化工艺参数，提高设备的使用效率，为微波热解工业化应用提供技术支撑。

Abstract: Oily sludge is an associated product of petroleum, which not only pollutes the ecological environment, but also contains rich oil and gas resources. Microwave pyrolysis technology is a highly efficient means of treating oily sludge. The thermal effect of microwave is that the microwave energy is absorbed by the dielectric material and converted into heat energy, which can promote the demulsification of oil-water emulsion. The weak Zeta potential can weaken the constraint on water molecules and promote the aggregation of small molecules of water, which is why the non-thermal effect of microwave can promote demulsification. Due to the characteristics of selective heating, penetration and immediacy of microwave heating, microwave technology has been used to heat oil sludge for pyrolysis. It can produce oil, gas and solid residue. Oil and gas resources can be used as fuel, which can reduce the energy burden and environmental pollution. And the solid residue can be used as adsorbents, catalysts and so on. The microwave pyrolysis process is complex, and the pyrolysis mechanism is still uncertain. Therefore, fluent is used to conduct numerical simulation of the pyrolysis device and combine with laboratory and field tests. It can not only further optimize the process parameters, but also improve the efficiency of the equipment. Finally, it provides technical support for the industrial application of microwave pyrolysis.