刑事缺席审判制度问题探究

Research on the System of Criminal Trial by Default

摘要: 刑事缺席审判制度的主要理论依据，是权衡理论、权利放弃论以及出庭义务免除论。通过分析以法国、德国为代表的大陆法系国家、以美国为代表的英美法系国家的域外缺席审判制度，以及比较欧洲人权法院有关缺席审判制度的司法实践，可以发现上述理论依据在域外刑事缺席审判制度中均有明确体现。与此同时，我国《刑事诉讼法》规定缺席审判制度中，也同样体现了权衡理论、权利放弃论以及出庭义务免除论的内涵与价值。对刑事缺席审判理论依据的研究，对于完善我国的刑事缺席审判制度具有启示意义。

Abstract: The main theoretical basis of the criminal trial by default system is the theory of balance, the theory of waiver of rights, and the theory of exemption from the duty to appear in court. By analyzing the extraterritorial system of trials in absentia in civil law countries represented by France and Ger-many, and in Anglo-American law countries represented by the United States, and comparing the judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights on the judicial system in absentia, we can find that the above theoretical basis is in extraterritorial criminal justice. This is clearly reflected in the absentee trial system. At the same time, Criminal Procedure Law in China stipulates that the system of trial in absentia also embodies the connotation and value of the theory of weighing, the theory of waiver of rights, and the theory of exemption from the obligation to appear in court. The research on the theoretical basis of criminal trial by default has enlightening significance for per-fecting criminal trial in China by default system.