我国野生沙棘果叶资源基础数据测定分析

Determination and Analysis on Basic Data of Fruits and Leaves Resources of Main Natural Seabuckthorn Resources in China

摘要: 沙棘果实和叶子含有丰富的生物活性物质，是十分重要的工业原料，可以用来开发多种功能性食品和药品。为了科学推介我国沙棘属植物野生种(亚种)果实和叶子的基础参数，对西藏、新疆、青海、甘肃等省区29个产地野生的中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis)、柳叶沙棘(H. salicifolia)、云南沙棘(H. r. ssp. yunnanensis)、蒙古沙棘(H. r. ssp. mongolica)、中亚沙棘(H. r. ssp. turkestanica)、江孜沙棘(H. gyantsensis) 、肋果沙棘(H. neurocarpa)、西藏沙棘(H. tibetana)共8个种(亚种)，采摘果实和叶子样品并加以观察测定。结果表明，沙棘果色除柳叶沙棘和江孜沙棘为橙黄色、云南沙棘为黄色、肋果沙棘为灰黑色外，其余4种沙棘几乎均有红、橙红、橙、橙黄和黄色中不少于2种的果色。沙棘果形较为特殊的有2种——弯柱体(肋果沙棘)、阳桃形(江孜沙棘)，除此之外，中国沙棘、云南沙棘多为扁球体，其余4种沙棘多为㮋球体。沙棘鲜果体积以蒙古沙棘最大(274.279 mm³)，肋果沙棘(23.202 mm³)最小。鲜果百果重依然是蒙古沙棘(30.07 g)位列第一，西藏沙棘(26.71 g)第二，肋果沙棘(2.16 g)位据最末。沙棘种子的(鲜)千粒重，以江孜沙棘(18.19 g)、西藏沙棘(18.07 g)排在前2位；云南沙棘(8.27 g)排在最后一位。沙棘叶子均为大小、长短不一的条形，其中西藏沙棘为短条形，中国沙棘、柳叶沙棘、云南沙棘、中亚沙棘为条形，而蒙古沙棘、江孜沙棘和肋果沙棘为长条形。沙棘单叶叶面积，以云南沙棘和柳叶沙棘最大，达700 mm²左右，属于大叶片沙棘；而中亚沙棘、肋果沙棘、西藏沙棘单叶叶面积在140 mm²以下，为小叶片沙棘；其余3种均为中叶片沙棘。我国野生沙棘果叶资源基础参数的测定，对于沙棘资源的规划、种植、生态经济价值的估算评价等，均具有十分重要的意义。

Abstract: The fruits and leaves of seabuckthorn, containing plentiful bioactive materials, were important industrial materials to develop a lot of functional food and drugs. In order to recommend the basic parameters of the fruits and leaves of seabuckthorn, the samples of fruits and leaves from 29 natural sites distributing 8 species and subspecies of seabuckthorn, namely, Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis, H. salicifolia, H. r. ssp. yunnanensis, H. r. ssp. mongolica, H. r. ssp. turkestanica, H. gyantsen-sis, H. Neurocarpa, H. tibetana, were collected in Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, and then observed, measured and calculated. The analysis showed that the fruit colors were orange yellow for H. salicifolia and H. gyantsensis, and yellow for H. r. ssp. yunnanensis, dark grey for H. neurocarpa, whereas the other 4 species or sub-species had less than 2 colors among the red, orange red, orange, orange yellow, and yellow colors. The fruit shape for H. neurocarpa and H. gyantsensis  were curved column and carambola shape respectively, very special, but the other species and sub-species had normal shape, that were, oblate sphere for Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis and H. r. ssp. yunnanensis, and a sphere for other 4 seabuckthorn. The fresh fruit volume for H. r. ssp. mongolica was the largest with 274.279 mm³, and least for H. neurocarpa with 23.202 mm³. The 100-fresh fruits weights were the highest for H. r. ssp. mongolica (30.07 g), and the runner-up for H. tibetana (26.71 g), and H. neurocarpa (2.16 g) the last. The 1000-fresh seeds weight for H. gyantsensis (18.19 g) was the highest, and H. tibetana (18.07 g) the second, and H. r. ssp. yunnanensis (8.27 g) the last. The leaves shape for seabuckthorn were different bar shape, among them short bar for H. tibetana, middle bar for Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis, H. salicifolia, H. r. ssp. yunnanensis, and H. r. ssp. turkestanica, and long bar for H. r. ssp. mongolica, H. gyantsensis, and H. neurocarpa. The single fresh leaf area of H. r. ssp. yunnanensis and H. salicifolia were at the highest level with 700 mm², belonging to large shape seabuckthorn, and that of H. r. ssp. turkestanica, H. neurocarpa, H. tibetana at the small level with under 140 mm², and that of the other 3 species and sub-species at the middle level. The determination of basic parameters of fruits and leaves materials of natural seabuckthorn had very important significance to carry out planning, planting, assessing the eco-economical values of seabuckthorn resources in China.