警惕矫枉过正——神经性正食症的界定及研究综述
Watch out for Overcorrecting—The Definition and Research Review of Orthorexia Nervosa
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2021.119230, PDF,   
作者: 李丹阳：新疆师范大学心理学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐；新疆心智发展与学习科学重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐
关键词: 神经性正食症；饮食障碍；Orthorexia Nervosa； Eating Disorders
摘要: 对于不健康饮食习惯的矫枉过正可能会导致神经性正食症(Orthorexia nervosa, ON)——这一新型饮食障碍模式，其行为特征与神经性厌食症、强迫症等精神障碍均有相似之处，且一系列临床研究证实其确会对个体造成身心及生活、社会功能的损害。因此本文对现有神经性正食症的概念界定、测量工具、影响因素等研究成果进行了梳理和阐述，并强调了当前研究存在的不足及需要进一步研究的方向，以期为我国精神卫生领域对于饮食障碍的诊断及预后提供新的思路。
Abstract: Overcorrecting unhealthy eating habits can lead to Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), a new eating dis-order pattern that has behavioral characteristics similar to mental disorders like anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and a series of clinical studies have confirmed that it can actually cause physical and mental impairment and life and social function of individuals. Therefore, this paper summarized and expounded the existing research results of the concept, measurement tools and influencing factors of orthodontic eating disorder, and emphasized the deficiencies of current research and the direction of further research, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and prognosis of eating disorders in the field of mental health in China.
文章引用：李丹阳 (2021). 警惕矫枉过正——神经性正食症的界定及研究综述. 心理学进展, 11(9), 2038-2044. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2021.119230

参考文献

[1] Aksoydan, E., & Camci, N. (2009). Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa among Turkish Performance Artists. Eating and Weight Disorders, 14, 33-37.[CrossRef] 
[2] Barnes, M. A., & Caltabiano, M. L. (2017). The Interrelationship between Orthorexia Nervosa, Perfectionism, Body Image and Attachment Style. Eating and Weight Disorders, 22, 177-184.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Barrada, J. R., & Roncero, M. (2018). Bidimensional Structure of the Orthorexia: Development and Initial Validation of a New Instrument. Anales de Psicolofia, 34, 283-291.[CrossRef] 
[4] Barthels, F., Meyer, F., & Pietrowsky, R. (2015). Die Düsseldorfer Orthorexie Skala-Konstruktion und Evaluation eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung ortho-rektischen Ernährungsverhaltens. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 44, 97-105.[CrossRef] 
[5] Bosi, A. T. B., Camur, D., & Guler, C. (2007). Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in Resident Medical Doctors in the Faculty of Medicine (Ankara, Turkey). Appetite, 49, 661-666.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Bratman, S. (1997). The Health Food Eating Disorder. Yoga Journal, 45-50 (September/October).
[7] Bratman, S., & Knight, D. (2000). Health Food Junkies. Orthorexia Nervosa: Overcoming the Obsession with Healthful Eating. Broadway Books.
[8] Bundros, J., Clifford, D., Silliman, K., & Neyman Morris, M. (2016). Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa among College Students Based on Bratman’s Test and Associated Tendencies. Appetite, 101, 86-94.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Cena, H., Barthels, F., Cuzzolaro, M., Bratman, S., Brytek-Matera, A., Dunn, T., & Donini, L. M. (2019). Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Orthorexia Nervosa: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Eating Weight Disorders, 24, 209-246.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Dell’Osso, L., Abelli, M., Carpita, B., Massimetti, G., Pini, S., Rivetti, L., & Carmassi, C. (2016a). Orthorexia Nervosa in a Sample of Italian University Population. Rivista di Psichiatria, 51, 190-196.
[11] Depa, J., Schweizer, J., Bekers, S., Hilzendegen, C., & Stroebele-Benschop, N. (2017). Prevalence and Predictors of Orthorexia Nervosa among German Students Using the21-Item DOS. Eating and Weight Disorders, 22, 193-199.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Donini, L. M., Marsili, D., Graziani, M. P., Imbriale, M., & Cannella, C. (2005). Orthorexia Nervosa: Validation of a Diagnosis Questionnaire. Eating and Weight Disorders, 10, e28-e32.[CrossRef] 
[13] Dunn, T. M., & Bratman, S. (2016). On Orthorexia Nervosa: A Review of the Literature and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria. Eating Behaviors, 21, 11-17.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Dunn, T. M., Gibbs, J., Whitney, N., & Starosta, A. (2017). Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa Is Less than 1%: Data from a US Sample. Eating and Weight Disorders, 22, 185-192.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Fidan, T., Ertekin, V., Isikay, S., & Kirpinar, I. (2010). Prevalence of Orthorexia among Medical Students in Erzurum, Turkey. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51, 49-54.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Forester, D. S. (2014). Examining the Relationship between Orthorexia Nervosa and Personality Traits.
[17] Gleaves, D. H., Graham, E. C., & Ambwani, S. (2013). Measuring “Orthorexia”: Development of the Eating Habits Questionnaire. International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 12, 1-18.
[18] Hayles, O., Wu, M. S., De Nadai, A. S., & Storch, E. A. (2017). Orthorexia Nervosa: An Examination of the Prevalence, Correlates, and Associated Impairment in a University Sample. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31, 124-135.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] He, J., Zhao, Y., Zhang, H., & Lin, Z. (2020). Orthorexia Nervosa Is Associated with Positive Body Image and Life Satisfaction in Chinese Elderly: Evidence for a Positive Psychology Perspective. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 54, 212-221.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Herranz Valera, J., Acuna Ruiz, P., Romero Valdespino, B., & Visioli, F. (2014). Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa among Ashtanga Yoga Practitioners: A Pilot Study. Eating and Weight Disorders, 19, 469-472.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Hyrnik, J., Janas-Kozik, M., Stochel, M., Jelonek, I., Siwiec, A., & Rybakowski, J. K. (2016). The Assessment of Orthorexia Nervosa among 1899 Polish Adolescents Using the ORTO-15 Questionnaire. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 20, 199-230.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Karakus, B., Hidiroglu, S., Keskin, N., & Karavus, M. (2017). Orthorexia Nervosa Tendency among Students of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at a University in Istanbul. Northern Clinics of Istanbul, 4, 117-123.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Koven, N. S., & Abry, A. W. (2015). The Clinical Basis of Orthorexia Nervosa: Emerging Perspectives. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11, 385-394.[CrossRef] 
[24] Koven, N. S., & Senbonmatsu, R. (2013). A Neuropsychological Evaluation of Orthorexia Nervosa. Open Journal of Psychiatry, 3, 214-222.[CrossRef] 
[25] Kreipe, R. E., & Palomaki, A. (2012). Beyond Picky Eating: Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 14, 421-431.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] McComb, S. E., & Mills, J. S. (2019). Orthorexia Nervosa: A Review of Psychosocial Risk Factors. Appetite, 140, 50-75.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Meule, A., Holzapfel, C., Brandl, B., Greetfeld, M., Hess-ler-Kaufmann, J. B., Skurk, T., Voderholzer, U. et al. (2020). Measuring Orthorexia Nervosa: A Comparison of Four Self-Report Questionnaires. Appetite, 146, Article ID: 104512.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Missbach, B., Hinterbuchinger, B., Dreiseitl, V., Zellhofer, S., Kur, C., & Konig, J. (2015). When Eating Right, Is Measured Wrong! A Validation and Critical Examination of the ORTO-15 Questionnaire in German. PLoS ONE, 10, e0135772.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Oberle, C. D., Samaghabadi, R. O., & Hughes, E. M. (2017). Orthorexia Nervosa: Assessment and Correlates with Gender, BMI, and Personality. Appetite, 108, 303-310.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Parra-Fernandez, M. L., Rodriguez-Cano, T., Perez-Haro, M. J., Onieva-Zafra, M. D., Fernandez-Martinez, E., & Notario-Pacheco, B. (2018). Structural Validation of ORTO-11-ES for the Diagnosis of Orthorexia Nervosa, Spanish Version. Eating and Weight Disorder, 23, 745-752.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Ramacciotti, C. E., Perrone, P., Coli, E., Burgalassi, A., Conversano, C., Massimetti, G., & Dell’Osso, L. (2011). Orthorexia Nervosa in the General Population: A Preliminary Screening Using a Self-Administered Questionnaire (ORTO-15). Eating and Weight Disorders, 16, e127-e130.[CrossRef] 
[32] Reynolds, R. (2018). Is the Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in an Australian University Population 6.5%? Eating and Weight Disorders, 23, 453-458.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Reza, K. M., & Fariba, K. (2015). The Role of Perfectionism and Its’ Dimensions in Predicting Disordered Eating Behaviors among Students. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion, 3, 69-77.
[34] Sánchez, F. G., & Rial, B. R. (2005). Orthorexia Nervosa. A New Eating Behavior Disorder. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 33, 66-68.
[35] Sanlier, N., Yassibas, E., Bilici, S., Sahin, G., & Celik, B. (2016). Does the Rise in Eating Disorders Lead to Increasing Risk of Orthorexia Nervosa? Correlations with Gender, Education, and Body Mass Index. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 55, 266-278.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Segura-García, C., Papaianni, M. C., Caglioti, F. et al. (2012). Orthorexia Nervosa: A Frequent Eating Disordered Behavior in Athletes. Eating and Weight Disorders, 17, e226-e233.
[37] Shafran, R., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (2002). Clinical Perfectionism: A Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 40, 773-791.[CrossRef] 
[38] Strahler, J., Hermann, A., Walter, B., & Stark, R. (2018). Orthorexia Nervosa: A Behavioral Complex or Psychological Condition? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7, 1143-1156.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Turner, P. G., & Lefevre, C. E. (2017). Instagram Use Is Linked to Increased Symptoms of Orthorexia Nervosa. Eating and Weight Disorders, 22, 277-284.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Varga, M., Dukay-Szabo, S., Tury, F., & van Furth, E. F. (2013). Evidence and Gaps in the Literature on Orthorexia Nervosa. Eat Weight Disorders, 18, 103-111.[CrossRef] [PubMed]