毕拉河国家级自然保护区湿地资源及生物多样性评价

Evaluation of Wetland Resources and Biodiversity in Bila River National Nature Reserve

摘要: 毕拉河自然保护区地处嫩江上游右岸，地势西北高，东南低，海拔377~886 m。境内河流均发源于大兴安岭东南侧和伊勒呼里山南侧，自西北流向东南，形成了广袤的湿地。湿地资源包括河流、湖泊、森林沼泽、灌木沼泽、草本沼泽、沼泽化草甸，面积19,828 hm2，占保护区总面积的35.0%。毕拉河自然保护区湿地生物多样性比较丰富，共有适于湿地生长的高等植物218种，占保护区高等植物的31.01%；适于湿地生活的脊椎动物165种，占保护区脊椎动物的51.24%。湿地生物多样性在湿地生态系统中发了重要作用，其生态效益十分显著。

Abstract: Bila River Nature Reserve is located on the right bank of the upper reaches of Nenjiang River. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with an altitude of 377~886 m. Rivers in the territory originate from the southeast of Daxinganling and the south of Ilehuli mountain, flowing from northwest to southeast, forming a vast wetland. Wetland resources include rivers, lakes, forest swamps, shrub swamps, herb swamps and swamped meadows, with an area of 19,828 hm2, accounting for 35.0% of the total area of the reserve. Bila River Nature Reserve is rich in wetland biodiversity, with 218 species of higher plants suitable for wetland growth, accounting for 31.01% of the higher plants in the reserve; 165 species of vertebrates are suitable for wetland life, accounting for 51.24% of vertebrates in the reserve. Wetland biodiversity plays an important role in wetland ecosystem, and its ecological benefits are very significant.