人工智能在眼科领域的综述性研究——以OCT眼底诊断为例

A Review of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology Field—Taking the Fundus Diagnosis Based on OCT Images as an Example

摘要: 人工智能(AI, Artificial Intelligence)，特别是机器学习和深度学习的迅猛发展，对传统的诊断和治疗方法造成了巨大的冲击，为智慧医疗领域的发展提供了强有力的科学技术力量。眼睛是人体认知的主要器官，人体除了睡眠，90%以上时间都是在使用眼睛。眼底疾病的早期诊断，是预防致盲的最有力手段。全数字化数码眼底相机和光学相干断层扫描(OCT, Optical Coherence Tomography)是目前眼科疾病早期诊断与治疗的主要影像学方法。基于OCT AI技术，在眼科诊断和治疗中的应用已经被大量研究所探索。本文采用文本分析和文献计量的方法，使用CiteSpace，以OCT眼底疾病诊断为例，对Web of Science (WOS)数据库2000年到2021年间的文献进行了分析，探讨了AI在眼科学近20年内的研究现状与研究热点。文章识别了该领域主要提供学术贡献的国家以及各国之间的研究合作关系，并对该领域的研究热点和研究趋势做出分析与预测，为AI与眼科领域的研究者提供参考价值。

Abstract: With the significant development of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), AI-based advanced technology raises a vital technical-driven motivation impacting on the traditional diagnosis and treatment methods. Most of the knowledge of human beings are recognized by our eyes. In addition to sleeping, more than 90% of the day time is occupied by using our eyes. Early diagnosis of fundus diseases is the most effective way to prevent blindness. Digital fundus camera and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are the main imaging methods for early diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases. In this paper, taking the OCT-based ophthalmic disease diagnosis as an example, this study applies text mining and bibliographic analysis methodologies, analyzes and discusses the status and challenges of AI in the field of ophthalmology. Based on the Web of Science database, a systematic review on the application of AI to fundus diagnose from 2000 to 2021 is implemented with the tool of CiteSpace. The research status and research hot-spots of AI in ophthalmology in recent 20 years are discussed. This paper identifies the countries, with the most academic contributions, discusses the cooperation relationship between countries, analyzes and forecasts the research hot-topic and research trends. Thus, the reference value of the inter-disciplinary of AI and ophthalmology is contributed for researchers.