基于加速度传感器的小车机构车轮缺陷监测及数值模拟分析

Monitoring and Numerical Simulation Analysis of Trolley Mechanism Wheel Defects Based on Acceleration Sensors

摘要: 车轮作为轨道式集装箱门式起重机(简称：轨道吊)的小车机构走行部的基础部件，其常见的病害形式为踏面剥离，因此准确分析轨道吊小车机构车轮的踏面情况对保障轨道吊的安全运行至关重要。以广州港某轨道吊为研究对象，运用刚柔耦合多体动力学方法和加速度周期对比算法，分别对正常、踏面剥离两种车轮类型进行数值模拟，获得相应条件下车轮的应力和振动加速度；在车轮轴承座处布置加速度传感器，获取车轮的振动加速度以判断是否存在踏面剥离。最后，将车轮的振动加速度仿真结果与实测结果进行比较，验证了数值仿真模型的可靠性。

Abstract: The wheel, as the basic component of the running gear of the trolley mechanism of the rail container gantry crane (referred to as rail crane), whose common defect is tread spalling. Therefore, the tread condition of the wheel of the rail crane mechanism being accurately analyzed is of great importance to ensure the safe operation of the rail crane. Taking a rail crane in Guangzhou port as the research object, utilizing the rigid-flexible coupling multi-body dynamics method and acceleration period comparison algorithm, the numerical simulation was performed for the normal and tread spalling wheels respectively, for obtaining the stress and vibration acceleration of the wheel under corresponding conditions; an acceleration sensor was arranged at the wheel bearing seat to get the vibration acceleration of the wheel, which used to judge whether there was tread spalling. Finally, the reliability of the simulation model was verified by comparing the simulation results of wheel vibration acceleration with the measured results.