硼掺杂多孔炭球的制备及电化学性能研究

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Boron-Doped Porous Carbon Sphere

摘要: 本文以D-木糖为碳源、硼酸为掺杂剂、月桂酸钠为模板剂，采用水热炭化法和CO₂活化法合成了硼掺杂多孔炭球，考察了活化温度对多孔炭球结构和电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明，当活化温度为700℃时，多孔炭球的微孔比表面积和微孔比例最高，分别为466.10 m²∙g⁻¹和86.11%。大量的微孔结构能够为多孔炭球提供更多的电化学活性位点，有利于电荷的储存和传输，使其电化学性能显著提高。在三电极体系中电流密度为1 A•g⁻¹时，其比电容为217 F•g⁻¹，电流密度为5 A•g⁻¹时1000次充放电循环后，其电容保持率仍为90%以上。

Abstract: Boron-doped porous carbon spheres were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and CO₂ activation method using D-xylose as the carbon source, boric acid as the dopant and sodium laurate as the soft template. Effects of the activation temperature on the structure and electrochemical properties of porous carbon spheres were investigated. The research results showed that when the activation temperature was 700˚C, the micropore specific surface area and micropore ratio of the carbon spheres reached 446.10 m²∙g⁻¹ and 86.11% respectively. Microporous structure could provide more active sites, which was beneficial to the charge storage and transport, and hence improve the electrochemical performance of the porous carbon spheres. In a three-electrode system, the carbon spheres treated at 700˚C showed a high specific capacitance of 217 F•g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A•g⁻¹, and capacitance retention of 90% after 1000 cycles at a current density of 5 A•g⁻¹.