数据可携带权的反数据垄断效用

Anti Data Monopoly Effect of Right to Data Portability

摘要: 信息技术时代，互联网企业中的数据垄断现象所引发的不正当竞争愈发严重，用户个人信息遭遇侵犯屡见不鲜。2021年2月7日，中国国务院反垄断委员会制定发布《国务院反垄断委员会关于平台经济领域的反垄断指南》，为互联网企业数据垄断现象的治理树立标杆，同年《个人信息保护法》中引入数据可携带权，为打破数据垄断提供了另一途径。但是仔细审视这一新兴权利，其仍存在数据主体有限、数据范围难以确定、技术可操作性低、数据流向不确定以及缺乏救济机制等问题。其能否真正发挥数据反垄断效用，并真正实现保护个人信息，还需要结合我国实际情况进行本土化调适，加快确立分层次、分步骤的可操作性标准等，从而构建精细而有限度的数据可携带权。

Abstract: In the information technology era, the unfair competition caused by the data monopoly phenomenon in Internet enterprises has become more and more serious, and it is not uncommon for users’ person-al information to be infringed. On February 7, 2021, the antimonopoly Commission of the State Council formulated and released the antimonopoly guidelines of the antimonopoly Commission of the State Council on the platform economy, which set a benchmark for the governance of the data monopoly phenomenon of Internet enterprises. In the same year, the personal information protec-tion law introduced the right to carry data, providing another way to break the data monopoly. However, when carefully examining this emerging right, there are still some problems such as lim-ited data subjects, difficulty to determine the data scope, low technical operability, uncertain data flow and lack of relief mechanism. Whether it can truly play the role of data anti-monopoly and truly protect personal information also needs to be localized in combination with the actual situation of China, accelerate the establishment of hierarchical and step-by-step operational standards, and build a fine and limited right to data portability.