贫困大学生人格特质与心理健康的关系研究

A Study on the Relationship between Personality Traits and Mental Health of Impoverished College Students

摘要: 目的：为了解贫困大学生人格特征，及其与心理健康的关系；以期从完善人格着手，给予贫困大学生积极的关注、恰到好处的社会支持及心理辅导，从而提高其心理健康水平。方法在湖南省三所高校的贫困学生库中随机抽取776名学生进行问卷调查，问卷包括艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)等内容。结果：贫困大学生SCL-90总均分显著高于全国常模(p < 0.001)，且96%的被试感觉有轻度及以上症状，仅4%的被试感觉没有症状；Pearson相关分析结果显示，SCL-90的总分及各因子分均与EPQ中的P和N分量表成显著正相关(p < 0.01)，除偏执1个因子分与EPQ中的E分量表不存在显著相关外，SCL-90的总分及各因子分均与EPQ中的E和L分量表均成显著负相关(p < 0.01)；多元逐步回归分析结果表明，神经质和掩饰程度维度对贫困大学生的心理健康有明显的预测能力，其对SCL-90总分的共同解释率为36.4%，而又以神经质的解释能力最强，达到35.8%。结论：贫困大学生的心理健康水平不容乐观，而他们的心理健康状况与人格特质密切相关，尤其是神经质对心理健康水平有较强的预测作用，因此，学校应重视贫困生的人格塑造，尤其是情绪稳定性的培养，从而提高贫困大学生的心理健康水平。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the personality traits of poor college students, and its relationship with mental health; we start with perfect personality, show great concern, proper social support and psychological guidance to poor college students, so as to improve their mental health level. Methods: Randomly selected 776 students from the poor student database of three universities in Hunan Province for a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included EPQ-RSC (Chinese version) and Self-rating Symptom Scale (SCL-90). Results: Subjects average symptom score of SCL-90 in poor college students was significantly higher than that of the Chinese norm (p <0.001). 96% of the subjects felt mild or above symptoms and only 4% felt no symptoms. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the total score and factor scores of SCL-90 were significantly positively correlated with the P and N subscales of EPQ (p < 0.01), and were significantly negatively correlated with the E and L subscales of EPQ (p < 0.01), except that the factor score of bigotry was not significantly correlated with E subscales of EPQ. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicates that neuroticism and degree of concealment are obvious predictors of poor college students’ mental health, and their common explanation rate for SCL-90 score was 36.4%, while neuroticism had the strongest explanatory power, up to 35.8%. Conclusion: Poor college students’ mental health is not optimistic, and their mental health is closely related to personality traits, especially neuroticism has strong prediction effect on mental health level, so the school should pay attention to the personality moulding of poor students, particularly the cultivation of emotional stability, so as to improve the mental health of impoverished college students.