南疆骏枣园土壤养分与果实品质的相关性分析——以和田地区枣园为例

Correlation Analysis of Soil Nutrients and Fruit Quality in Jujube Orchards in South Xinjiang—Taking Date Orchards in Hotan Area as an Example

摘要: 以和田地区24个具有代表性的骏枣园土壤及枣果为试验材料，采用描述性统计分析、相关性分析、多元逐步回归分析等方法，找出果园中存在的土壤问题，筛选出影响果实品质的主要土壤养分因子。结果表明：和田地区骏枣果园土壤pH值在7.66~8.31之间，土壤偏碱性，比较适宜骏枣种植；土壤速效磷含量平均为24.25 mg/kg，最低为13.35 mg/kg，最高为52.81 mg/kg，速效磷含量较缺乏的地区占40%，缺乏的地区占60%，变化差异较大；土壤全氮和碱解氮含量的变异系数最大，为0.69%、0.73%，全氮的平均值为0.35 g/kg，最低为0.02 g/kg，最高为0.78 g/kg，碱解氮的平均值为20.28 mg/kg，最低为3.88 mg/kg，最高为47.20 mg/kg，全氮养分含量相对缺乏的地区占80%，而碱解氮均较缺乏；在果实品质中，果形指数、蛋白质主要受土壤碱解氮的影响，可滴定酸、维生素C主要受土壤pH值的影响，总酚主要受土壤有机碳、速效磷的影响；在果实质地品质中，弹性、粘附性分别受土壤全氮、有机碳、速效磷的影响。

Abstract: The soil and jujube fruits of 24 representative jujube orchards in Hotan area were used as test materials, and descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to find out the soil problems in the orchards and to screen out the main soil nutrient factors affecting fruit quality. The results showed that the soil pH value of jujube orchards in Hotan area ranged from 7.66 to 8.31, and the soil was alkaline, which was more suitable for jujube cultivation; the average soil fast-acting phosphorus content was 24.25 mg/kg, the lowest was 13.35 mg/kg, and the highest was 52.81 mg/kg, and the areas lacking in fast-acting phosphorus content accounted for 40% and the deficient area accounted for 60%, with large variation; the soil coefficient of variation of total nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen content was the largest, 0.69% and 0.73%, the average value of total nitrogen was 0.35 g/kg, the lowest was 0.02 g/kg and the highest was 0.78 g/kg, the average value of alkaline nitrogen was 20.28 mg/kg, the lowest was 3.88 mg/kg and the highest was 47.20 mg/kg, the total nitrogen nutrient content was relatively deficient in 80% of the areas, and the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was relatively deficient. In fruit quality, fruit shape index and protein were mainly influenced by soil alkaline nitrogen, titratable acid and vitamin C were mainly influenced by soil pH value, and total phenols were mainly influenced by soil organic carbon and fast-acting phosphorus; in fruit texture quality, elasticity and adhesion were influenced by soil total nitrogen, organic carbon and fast-acting phosphorus, respectively.