基于结构方程模型的大学生呼吸道传染病知信行研究

Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Respiratory Infectious Diseases in College Students Based on Structural Equation Model

摘要: 目的：了解高校大学生呼吸道传染病知信行现状，探究知信行与防控环境转变的关系，为针对性提升大学生疾病预防意识提供理论依据。方法：采用自编问卷随机抽取585名在校大学生，利用SPSS 26.0进行统计学分析，应用AMOS 24.0构建结构方程模型。结果：大学生呼吸道传染病知信行得分为知识20.1 ± 3.8分、态度17.6 ± 4.0分、行为17.8 ± 4.3分。结构方程模型显示知识对态度(β = 0.128)、态度对行为(β = −0.069)、防控环境转变对行为(β = 0.789)有直接影响(P < 0.05)，知识通过态度对行为产生间接效应(β = −0.020, 95%CI (−0.073, −0.001))。结论：大学生呼吸道传染病知信行水平较高，在防控环境转变背景下健康工作教育应注重知信行多维度开展，知识通过态度的中介作用对行为产生影响，转变大学生疾病态度是提升知信行水平的关键。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the current situation of knowledge, attitude and practice of respiratory infectious diseases among college students, to explore the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice and the change of prevention and control environment, and to provide theoretical basis for improving college students’ awareness of disease prevention. Methods: 585 college students were randomly selected by self-designed questionnaire. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis, and AMOS 24.0 was used to construct structural equation model. Results: The scores of knowledge, attitude and practice were 20.1 ± 3.8 points, 17.6 ± 4.0 points and 17.8 ± 4.3 points. Structural equation model showed that knowledge had a direct effect on attitude (β = 0.128), attitude on practice (β = −0.069), and environmental change had a direct effect on practice (β= 0.789) (P < 0.05), and knowledge had an indirect effect on practice through attitude (β = −0.020, 95%CI (−0.073, −0.001)). Conclusions: College students have a high level of knowledge, attitude and practice of respiratory infectious diseases. Under the background of changing prevention and control environment, health education should pay attention to multi-dimensional knowledge, attitude and practice. Knowledge influences practice through the intermediary role of attitude, and changing college students’ attitude towards disease is the key to improve the level of knowledge, attitude and practice.