经学视域下的《关雎》诗旨流变

Changes in the Poetic Meaning of The Guan Ju in the Sutra Perspective

摘要: 可分四个历史时段对《关雎》诗旨流变与经学的历史命运之间的关联进行探析，即汉代时期、宋代至明清时期、民国新文化运动时期、新世纪至今。汉代经学以师承见长，能接续孔子六经的经义，其中最著名的是齐鲁韩三家诗承和毛、郑一家师承。在这个时期，《关雎》诗旨的经学化解读方向被确立起来，影响深远。宋代至明清时期是经学重构时期。宋代兴起儒家义理之学，清代兴起考据之学，其诗学义理开出新意，动摇了汉代诗学师承传统，但大体上还在经学范畴内。到了民国新文化运动时期，解诗者解读《关雎》时彻底抛弃了经学传统，新意频出。新世纪至今这个时期，出土文献是诗学研究的亮点，尤其是对上博简《诗论》的研究。《诗论》以孔子的口吻将《关雎》诗旨解读为“以色喻于礼”，这为诗学回归经学传统提供了一个时代契机。总的来说，《关雎》诗旨流变反映了中国文教体系变革，也反映了经学的命运。

Abstract: The connection between the evolution of the poetic meaning of The Guan Ju and the historical fate of sutra can be explored in four historical periods: the Han dynasty, the Song dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Republican New Culture Movement, and the new century to the present. Han dynasty scripture is distinguished by its mastery of the six scriptures of Confucius, the most famous of which are the three poetic schools of Qi, Lu and Han and the one of Mao and Zheng. In this period, the direction of the sutra interpreta-tion of the poetic meaning of The Guan Ju was established and had a profound impact. The period from the Song dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties was a period of sutra reconstruction. The Song dynasty emerged from Confucianism, the Qing dynasty emerged from the study of textual re-search , the poetics of interpretation opened up new ideas, shaking up the Han dynasty poetics tra-dition, but it is still largely within the realm of scripture. By and large still in the scripture of the in-terpretation of the poetic meaning of The Guan Ju. By the time of the new cultural movement in the Republic of China, the poetry interpreters completely abandoned the tradition of sutra to interpret The Guan Ju, and new ideas emerged frequently. In the period from the new century to the present, excavated documents have been the highlight of poetic studies, especially the study of the Poetic Treatise in the Shangbo Jian. The Poetic Treatise, in the words of Confucius, interprets the poetic purpose of The Guan Ju as “a metaphor for ritual with love between men and women”, providing an opportunity for poetics to return to the sutra tradition. On the whole, the changing poetic meaning of The Guan Ju reflects the changes in China’s literary and educational systems, as well as the fate of scripture.