马克思早期法学思想探析——以《关于林木盗窃法的辩论》为例

An Analysis of Marx’s Early Legal Thought—Taking the Debate on the Forest Theft Law as an Example

摘要: 十九世纪的普鲁士资本主义快速发展，马克思对当时民众深受其苦的林木盗窃法提出了批判，发表了《关于林木盗窃法的辩论》，由此展现出他早期的法学思想。本文首先简要介绍了林木盗窃法的背景，其次从马克思的立法、司法和量刑观，马克思对实在法和程序法的讨论，马克思对贵族的习惯法和贫民的习惯的区分三方面来介绍马克思在本文中的法学思想，最后通过对马克思的早期法学思想的探析得出对现代法学建设的启示。

Abstract: In the 19th century, Prussian capitalism developed rapidly, and Marx criticized the forest theft law that suffered the people at that time. He published the “Debate on the Forest Theft Law”, which showcased his early legal thinking. This article first briefly introduces the background of the forest theft law, then introduces Marx’s legal thought in this article from three aspects: Marx’s legislative, judicial and sentencing views, Marx’s discussion of positive law and procedural law, and Marx’s distinction between the customary law of the nobility and the habits of the poor. Finally, through the analysis of Marx’s early legal thoughts, we can draw inspiration for the construction of modern law.