应收账款质权设立与转让的法律问题研究

Research on the Legal Issues of the Establishment and Transfer of the Pledge Right of Accounts Receivable

摘要: 《民法典》第445条对应收账款质权的设立与转让做出了规定，明确应收账款质权采登记生效主义，且转让需经质权人的同意。但是在司法实践中，应收账款质押登记操作中，登记机构不进行实质审查，实质上是为登记对抗主义，与立法存在冲突。此外，对于应收账款质权转让，往往涉及质权人、出质人、次债务人、受让人等多方主体的关系，存在利益纠葛。从《民法典》445条出发，立足于商事担保的价值考量，对比实践中的司法判例，就应收账款质押的设立与转让中诸多法律问题进行剖析。

Abstract: Article 445 of the Civil Code provides for the establishment and transfer of the pledge rights of accounts receivable, specifying that the pledge rights of accounts receivable adopts the registration effective doctrine and the transfer requires the consent of the pledgee. However, in judicial practice, the registration of accounts receivable pledge operates without substantive examination by the registry, which is essentially for registration of adversarialism and conflicts with the legislation. In addition, for the transfer of pledge rights of accounts receivable, it often involves the relationship of multiple subjects such as pledger, pledgee, subdebtor and assignee, and there are interests entangled. Starting from Article 445 of the Civil Code, based on the value consideration of commercial security and comparing with judicial precedents in practice, we analyze many legal issues in the establishment and transfer of rights of accounts receivable.