基于语料库的国防部例行记者会汉英口译词汇特征研究

A Corpus-Based Study of the Lexical Features in Chinese-English Interpreting of the Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense

摘要: 目前针对国防部例行记者会的研究还比较少，且研究大都集中于部分词汇和句子，对口语词汇整体的研究则少之又少。本文采用语料库研究法，自建语料库，以近五年来的国防部例行记者会汉英口译词汇为研究对象，对标准类符/形符比、高频词、动词名词化和平均词长四个词汇特征进行定量分析，并与同体裁的美国国防部新闻发布会发言语料进行对比，分析两者的不同及差异形成的原因并给出建议。本研究的发现主要如下：相较于新闻发布会，例行记者会口译语料库具有更高的词汇复杂度，词汇密度也比较高，口译笔译化的倾向也很明显，这些也与简化、范化的翻译共性相佐。造成这一现象的原因主要是因为政府例行记者会是公共政治传播的重要形式，发言人既要传递重要的政策信息也要阐述政府的立场，因此用词较为正式准确，这也在一定程度上解释了口译词汇特征要比原创英语要复杂。

Abstract: At present, there are few researches on the regular press conference of the Ministry of National De-fense, and most of them focus on some words and sentences, while the whole oral vocabulary is rarely studied. Using the corpus research method and with self-built corpus, this paper takes the Chinese-English interpreting vocabulary of regular press conference of the Ministry of National De-fense in the past five years as the research object, and makes a quantitative analysis of four lexical features, namely the standard token/type ratio, high-frequency words, verb nominalization and average word length, and compares them with the same type of US department of defense press conference speech corpus. Then it will analyze the differences between the two and the reasons for the differences and give suggestions. The findings of this study are as follows: Compared with the US press conference, the regular press conference interpreting corpus has higher lexical complexity and lexical density, and the tendency of interpreting and translating is also obvious, which is not consistent with the generality of simplified and standardized translation. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the regular press conference of the government is an important form of public political communication. The spokesman not only needs to convey important policy information but also needs to elaborate the position of the government. Therefore, the words used are more formal and accurate, which also explains that the lexical features of interpretation are more complicated than those of original English to a certain extent.