阳明心学与西田哲学的比较——以直观与良知为中心

The Comparison of Yangming’s School of Philosophy and Nishida’s Philosophy—Centered on Intuition and Conscience

摘要: 西田哲学中的“直观”与王阳明的“良知”，二者立论虽未为同源，但也呈现出普遍共通性。“直观”当下呈现，返本归真；“良知”不虑而知，发用流行。两者皆应有其立根落脚处，即直观与良知皆缘起于本心，对人的当下意念发动能够即知即觉。而通过西田几多郎的直观思想对阳明心学之核心概念——“良知”进行会通与哲学诠释，不仅考察了一切知行直观省察中可能达成的道德自觉，亦阐明了阳明心学中的“良知”如何导引向善的价值旨趣之路径及内在逻辑必然性。

Abstract: Although the intuition in Nishida’s philosophy and Wang Yangming’s conscience are not of the same origin, they reveal a general commonality in their theories. Intuition presents itself in the present and returns to the truth; human beings recognize conscience without thinking, and it generates and operates naturally. Both of them should have their rooting places, that is, both intuition and conscience originate from the original mind, and they are capable of instantly perceiving and knowing the present moment of one’s will. According to the intuitive thought of Nishida Kitaro, which interprets the core concept of Yangming’s philosophy-conscience, we not only examine the moral self-awareness that can be achieved through intuitive inspection of all knowledge and action, but also clarify how the conscience in Yangming’s school of mind can be used to guide the mind. It also elucidates how conscience in Yangming’s philosophy of the mind leads to the value of goodness and its inner logical necessity.