汉语将来时语义范畴的时制分类——以“将”“会”“要”为例

The Temporal Classification of Chinese Future Tense Category—Taking “Jiang”, “Hui” and “Yao” as Examples

摘要: 本文考察现代汉语中较为典型的将来时表达“将”“会”“要”的将来时用法在不同时制分类中的分布情况，量化数据显示，整体上“将”“会”“要”在表达将来时意义时不仅指示绝对将来时间参照，也指示相对将来时间参照和过去将来时间参照，三种将来时表达在语境中所表现出的具体将来时用法，即意向义、预测义和将来时间参照义用法对于不同的时制分类也表现出不同的倾向性。将来时语义范畴的意向义、预测义、将来时间参照义用法还可以根据时制分类进一步分为绝对将来时用法、相对将来时用法和过去将来时用法。

Abstract: This paper examines the distribution of the typical future tense expressions of “Jiang”, “Hui” and “Yao” in different temporal classifications. The quantitative data show that on the whole, “Jiang”, “Hui” and “Yao” indicate not only absolute future time reference, but also relative future time ref-erence and past future time reference when expressing future tense meanings. The specific future tense uses of the future tense expressions, namely intention, prediction and future time reference in the different temporal classifications also show different tendencies. The uses of intention, pre-diction and future time reference in future tense category can be further divided into absolute fu-ture use, relative future use and past future use according to their temporal classification.