污染环境罪司法适用问题及其进路

Judicial Application of Environmental Pollution Crime and Its Approach

摘要: 环境污染问题关乎人类生存发展，目前世界各国对环境保护问题愈发重视，惩治和预防环境犯罪的法律制度逐渐完善。我国行政法规、刑法规范均对污染环境问题进行规制。刑法是打击污染环境行为最严厉的手段，经历多次修改之后，污染环境罪逐渐建立并完善。然而，在司法实践中污染环境案件情节复杂、行为定性困难等导致污染环境罪的适用矛盾和争议问题日益加剧，主要体现为该罪的保护法益、行为构造、罪过形式的适用标准不一，出现同案异罚，刑罚效果不佳。因此，需要解决污染环境罪在司法适用过程中的争议问题，明确污染环境罪保护法益是生态学的人类中心法益，认定该罪的行为构造为情节犯、主观上采用故意说才能有利于打击犯罪，有效保护生态环境，发挥刑法对污染环境行为的规制功能。

Abstract: The problem of environmental pollution is related to the survival and development of human beings. At present, countries all over the world pay more and more attention to environmental protection, and the legal system of punishing and preventing environmental crimes is gradually improving. China’s administrative regulations and criminal law norms regulate environmental pollution. The criminal law is the most severe means to crack down on environmental pollution. After many amendments, the crime of environmental pollution is gradually established and perfected. However, in the judicial practice, the complexity of the case and the difficulty in the characterization of the behavior lead to the increasing contradiction and controversy in the application of the crime of environmental pollution, which is mainly reflected in the different application standards of the protection law, the structure of the behavior and the form of the crime, resulting in different penalties for the same case and poor penalty effect. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the dispute of environmental pollution crime, in order to clarify that the protection law of environmental pollution crime is the human-centered legal interest of ecology, and to recognize the crime as a circumstance crime and adopt the intentional theory is more conducive to cracking down on crime and playing the regulation function of criminal law on environmental pollution behavior.