气候变化诉讼中的健康环境权：以墨西哥为例探究本土化可能性

The Right to a Healthy Environment in Climate Change Litigation: A Case Study of Mexico to Explore the Possibility of Localization

摘要: 墨西哥与中国同属于大陆法系国家和发展中国家，立法和司法方面的经验值得中国参考，尤其是在中国“双碳”目标的背景下，借鉴域外气候变化诉讼纠纷解决机制的法律经验十分重要。墨西哥气候变化诉讼中最主要的权利依据为健康环境权，这与我国学界讨论的环境权存在相似关系。根据分析墨西哥现有的气候诉讼判决以研究这项权利在我国的本土化适用，能有效地推进我国气候变化诉讼的发展进程，从而解决“双碳”目标下产生的气候变化纠纷。但“健康环境权”在我国的司法实务中并未适用，“环境权”本质上与“健康环境权”存在差异，但此类权利均属于人权。根据我国宪法对人权的保障以及民法典人格权编对人权的保护，均可以以解释的方法加以使用，从而达到保护相关权利的目的。

Abstract: Mexico and China are both civil law countries and developing countries, and China’s legislative and judicial experience is worth learning from, especially in the context of China’s “dual carbon” goals, and it is important to learn from the legal experience of extraterritorial climate change litigation dispute resolution mechanisms. The most important basis for rights in Mexico’s climate change litigation is the right to a healthy environment, which is similar to the environmental rights discussed in Chinese academic circles. Based on the analysis of the existing climate litigation judgments in Mexico, the local application of this right in China can effectively promote the development process of climate change litigation in China, so as to solve climate change disputes arising under the “dual carbon” goal. However, the “right to a healthy environment” is not applicable in China’s judicial practice, and “environmental rights” are essentially different from the “right to a healthy environment”, but such rights are human rights. According to the protection of human rights in the constitution of our country and the protection of human rights in the personality rights section of the Civil Code, they can be used by means of interpretation, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting relevant rights.