大足石刻景区大气降水变化特征研究

The Variation Characteristics of Atmospheric Precipitation in Dazu Stone Carvings Area

摘要: 利用1958~2022年大足国家基本气象观测站的逐日降水监测数据对大足石刻区域大气降水的变化特征及长期变化趋势进行研究。结果显示：大足石刻区域年降雨量总体呈增加趋势，在1960~1979、1990~1999、2010~2019年表现出上升趋势，在1980~1989、2000~2009年呈减少趋势。月变化呈明显的单峰型，7月最高，1月最低。降雨量主要集中在春夏季节，春季及秋季降水量整体均呈增加趋势，夏季及冬季降水量呈减少趋势。对大足石刻区域降雨日数小雨 > 中雨 > 大雨 > 暴雨，但小雨、中雨和大雨日数均呈减少趋势，暴雨日数呈增加趋势。降水发生率和贡献率均为小雨 > 中雨 > 大雨 > 暴雨。小雨的发生率呈下降趋势，而中雨、大雨和暴雨均呈现上升的趋势；小雨、中雨和大雨雨量贡献率均呈略微下降趋势，暴雨则呈较为明显的上升趋势。

Abstract: Based on the daily precipitation monitoring data of Dazu National Basic Meteorological Observation Station during 1958~2022, the variation characteristics and long-term trend of atmospheric precipitation in Dazu Stone Carving area were studied. The results showed that the annual precipita-tions showed an increasing trend in 1960~1979, 1990~1999 and 2010~2019, and a decreasing trend in 1980~1989 and 2000~2009. The monthly variation was unimodal, with the highest in July and the lowest in January. The precipitation is mainly concentrated in spring and summer, and the precipitation in spring and autumn shows an increasing trend, while the precipitation in summer and winter shows a decreasing trend. The number of rain days in Dazu Stone Carving area was light rain > moderate rain > heavy rain > rainstorm, but the number of light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain days showed a decreasing trend, and the number of rainstorm days showed an increas-ing trend. The incidence and contribution rate of precipitation were light rain > moderate rain > heavy rain > rainstorm. The incidence of light rain showed a decreasing trend, while moderate rain, heavy rain and rainstorm showed an increasing trend. The contribution rates of light rain, moder-ate rain and heavy rain all showed a slightly decreasing trend, while the contribution rates of rain-storm showed a relatively obvious increasing trend.