从登记离婚制度的角度看离婚冷静期

Thoughts on the Cooling-Off Period of Divorce from the Perspective of Registered Divorce System

摘要: 随着登记离婚制度的进一步开放，离婚的程序和条件越来越简化，出现了冲动型离婚甚至规避政策的虚假离婚现象，而《民法典婚姻家庭编》中对于离婚冷静期的规定，增加了一些限制条件，在程序上改变了我国登记离婚“即申即离”的一贯做法。本文以离婚冷静期为主要研究对象，采用文献研究法、比较分析法、实证研究法，以登记离婚制度的产生、发展历史为切口，分析离婚冷静期制度的设置对于我国登记离婚制度的重要作用，发现离婚冷静期的设置收紧了登记离婚制度的口子，在一定程度上降低了离婚率，打破了登记离婚与诉讼离婚之间的平衡，产生了侵害婚姻自由、提高离婚成本、忽视妇女儿童权益保护、加重司法部门工作压力等问题，顺势提出了完善离婚冷静期的意见。

Abstract: With the further opening of the registered divorce system, the procedures and conditions of divorce are more and more simplified, there is a phenomenon of impulsive divorce and even false divorce to circumvent the policy, and the provisions of the “Civil Code of Marriage and Family” for divorce cooling-off period have added some restrictions, which has changed the consistent practice of registering divorce in our country. This paper takes divorce cooling-off period as the main research object, adopts literature research method, comparative analysis method and empirical research method, takes the emergence and development history of registered divorce system as the incision, analyzes the important role of the setting of divorce cooling-off period system on China’s registered divorce system, and finds that the setting of divorce cooling-off period tightens the gap of registered divorce system and reduces the divorce rate to a certain extent. It breaks the balance between registered divorce and litigation divorce, and causes problems such as infringement of marriage freedom, increasing divorce costs, ignoring the protection of women’s and children’s rights and interests, and aggravating the work pressure of judicial departments.