结直肠癌早期筛查的研究进展

The Research Progression of Early Colorectal Cancer Screening

摘要: 随着现代生活节奏的加快和生活方式的改变，结直肠癌的发病率不断上升，已经成为世界上致死率较高的恶性肿瘤之一。结直肠癌早期往往无明显症状，因此，早期筛查对于提高患者的生存率至关重要。本研究通过调研国内外最新文献，分析了结直肠癌早期筛查的研究进展，探讨了不同筛查手段的优势和局限，旨在为临床提供更为高效的筛查策略。研究囊括了粪便隐血试验、染色内窥镜技术和基因检测等多种筛查方法，采用系统评价和元分析对比分析各筛查方法的敏感性、特异性和预后评估的实际效果，确立了结直肠癌早期筛查的效果评估指标体系。在此基础上，提出了一套结合临床特征、患者偏好及成本效益的个体化筛查框架，为医疗决策者提供了新的视角。

Abstract: As the pace of modern life accelerates and lifestyles change, the incidence of colorectal cancer continues to rise, becoming one of the malignant tumors with a higher mortality rate worldwide. Early stages of colorectal cancer often have no obvious symptoms; therefore, early screening is crucial for improving patient survival rates. This study, through a survey of the latest literature at home and abroad, analyzes the research progression of early colorectal cancer screening and discusses the advantages and limitations of different screening methods, aiming to provide more efficient screening strategies for clinical use. The study encompasses various screening approaches, including fecal occult blood testing, chromoendoscopy techniques, and genetic testing, using systematic reviews and meta-analysis to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and the practical effects of prognosis assessment of each method. The research has established an effective evaluation index system for early colorectal cancer screening. Building on this, the study proposes an individualized screening framework combining clinical characteristics, patient preferences, and cost-effectiveness, offering a new perspective for medical decision-makers.