女性民俗体育参与行为解读——以湘西毛古斯舞为例

Interpretation of Women’s Folk Sports Participation Behavior—Taking Maogusi Dance in Western Hunan as an Example

摘要: 湘西自治州春节期间特色体育表演活动随着历史发展、民族延伸得到升华与沉淀，在情感与意识上呈现出鲜明的地域特征与时代特色的属性。湘西毛古斯舞作为土家族春节期间的一项传统祭祀舞蹈，承载着丰富的历史文化内涵，因此研究此项民俗体育对传承与创新传统文化有着重大意义。本文采用文献资料法、文献计量法等研究方法，以改革开放后女性在湘西土家族毛古斯舞这项民俗体育活动中的角色扮演为视角，解读在毛古斯舞中女性民俗体育活动参与行为。研究结果表明：在社会转型以及人们需求变化的驱动下，女性逐渐参与到民俗体育表演活动中，女性在毛古斯舞中的参与行为体现着的是不同阶层之间追逐功利性的工具理性，同时又交织着女性对文化的认同及归属的情感因素。深入研究我国女性民俗体育参与行为对探索我国女性与体育背后的权力之间的关系具有参考意义。

Abstract: The characteristic sports performances during the Spring Festival in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture have been sublimated and precipitated with the development of history and the extension of ethnic groups, showing distinct regional characteristics and attributes of the times in terms of emotion and consciousness. As a traditional sacrificial dance during the Spring Festival of the Tujia people, Maogusi Dance in Western Hunan carries rich historical and cultural connotations. Therefore, studying this folk sports is of great significance to the inheritance and innovation of traditional culture. This paper adopts research methods such as literature data method and bibliometric method, and interprets the participation behavior of women in folk sports activities in Maogusi Dance from the perspective of the role played by women in the folk sports activities of the Tujia people in Western Hunan after the reform and opening up. The results show that driven by social transformation and changes in people’s needs, women gradually participate in folk sports performances. Women’s participation in Maogusi Dance reflects the instrumental rationality of pursuing utilitarianism between different classes, and at the same time, it is intertwined with women’s emotional factors of cultural identification and belonging. In-depth research on the participation behavior of Chinese women in folk sports is of reference significance for exploring the relationship between Chinese women and the power behind sports.